A new round of steady employment and employment promotion policies of the State Council was introduced in the near future. In addition to emphasizing key measures such as supporting enterprises to maintain a stable stock of employment and encouraging entrepreneurship to expand employment, linking the cost reduction of enterprises with stable employment has become one of the priorities of this round of employment policy.
On December 5, the State Council's "Several Opinions on Promoting Employment in the Current and Future Times" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions") was officially released. The "Opinions" pointed out that we must adhere to the implementation of employment priority strategy and more active employment policies, support enterprises to stabilize their posts, promote employment and entrepreneurship, and strengthen training services to ensure the completion of employment goals and tasks in the current and future period and the continued stability of the employment situation.
Zhang Yizhen, deputy director of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said at the policy briefing held by the State Council on the 5th that the continuous reduction of the social security rate policy will further reduce the operating costs of enterprises and help enterprises alleviate the difficulties of financing.
Zeng Xiangquan, director of the Employment Research Institute of Renmin University of China, told the First Financial News that policies such as social security tax collection are affecting the company's expectations. If the expectations are not good, the company may stop recruiting or directly lay off employees. Therefore, the most important thing for comprehensive “stable employment†is to reduce costs. Tax reduction and fee reduction are very important to reduce the labor cost of enterprises.
It is worth mentioning that on the evening of December 5, Premier Li Keqiang presided over the State Council executive meeting and increased support for enterprises, especially private enterprises. The meeting pointed out: It is necessary to strengthen the incentives for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, encourage universities and research institutes to participate in enterprise technology research in the form of orders, etc.; to innovate science and technology financial services, and to develop financing channels for small and medium-sized technology enterprises, including light assets and unprofitable enterprises.
Stable amount, amount of amplification
The Opinions put forward key measures to promote employment in the current and future period. Among them, supporting the stable development of enterprises is one of the top tasks.
According to the "Opinions", for insured enterprises that do not lay off employees or lay off employees, they can return 50% of the actual unemployment insurance premiums paid in the previous year. If they face difficulties in temporary production and operation and are expected to resume, they will increase their return; Give full play to the role of the National Financing Guarantee Fund, and encourage local governments to give low-rate guarantee support to eligible small and micro enterprises, and improve the availability of small and micro enterprise loans.
Mo Rong, deputy dean of the China Academy of Labor and Social Security, published an article in the official website of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Sciences. He said that by increasing the subsidies for enterprises, returning unemployment insurance premiums, and strengthening financial support for small and micro enterprises, Difficult enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises, provide assistance to maintain the normal operation of the enterprise and the stability of employment. There is no large-scale centralized layoffs and reductions, and the scale of employment and stability are maintained.
Zhang Yizhen said that since the beginning of this year, the employment situation in China has been generally stable. However, the uncertainties of instability at home and abroad have increased, which will have some impact on the production, operation and employment of some enterprises.
According to the analysis of the National Bureau of Statistics, from July to September this year, the national urban survey unemployment rate was 5.1%, 5.0%, and 4.9%, respectively. Except for July, which was the same as the previous year, in August and September, it was 0.1 lower than the same period of the previous year. percentage point. Among them, the urban and rural unemployment rate of the main employment groups aged 25-59 continued to stabilize at a low level of 4.3% to 4.4%.
The latest data from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security also showed that the number of new jobs from January to October this year reached 12 million, an increase of 90,000 over the same period last year. The unemployment rate in the national urban survey in October was 4.9%, which was flat year-on-year. At the end of the third quarter, the national urban registered unemployment rate was 3.82%, which fell to a low level in recent years.
Zhang Yizhen said that Sino-US economic and trade frictions will have direct and indirect effects on the Chinese economy and thus affect the employment sector. Judging from the current monitoring situation, the overall employment situation is stable. At the same time, individual regions and individual enterprises are facing some new challenges.
Zeng Xiangquan said that the pulling effect of about 6.5% of economic growth on employment is very obvious. In recent years, the development of the tertiary industry and the rise of new kinetic energy have greatly increased employment elasticity, and the employment prosperity index has remained at a high level.
In addition to supporting enterprises to maintain a stable stock of employment, another highlight of the Opinions is to encourage entrepreneurship to expand employment.
The "Opinions" proposed to increase the support for the interest-guaranteed loan interest subsidy and reward policy. If a person who meets the conditions for applying for a business guarantee loan is self-employed, he may apply for a business guarantee loan of up to 150,000 yuan.
Mo Rong analysis said that by increasing the support for subsidies and rewards policies for entrepreneurial guaranteed loans, supporting the construction of entrepreneurial carriers, promoting entrepreneurial innovation to a higher level and higher quality, giving full play to the employment-driven employment multiplier effect and expanding employment capacity. He said that some of the policies on this basis will further enhance policy support. For example, for self-employed entrepreneurs who meet the application requirements, the amount of the business-guaranteed loan can be increased from the original 100,000 yuan to not more than 150,000 yuan.
The "Opinions" require that the number of new recruits who meet the conditions for applying for a business-guaranteed loan in the same year will reach 25% of the existing number of employees in the enterprise (15% of enterprises with more than 100 employees) and sign a labor contract with them for more than one year. You can apply for a business guarantee loan up to a maximum of 3 million yuan.
Zhang Yizhen said that the total pressure and structural contradictions inherent in the employment field, as well as the increasing demand for high-quality employment and self-employment by laborers, all put forward new requirements for employment, and all need to further increase policy and improve measures. Guarantee.
According to the third quarter employment sentiment index report released by the China Employment Research Institute, the employment situation of large and medium-sized enterprises in the third quarter was significantly better than that of the same period of last year, while the CIER index of small and micro enterprises was lower than last year.
Zeng Xiangquan said that the year-on-year decline in the employment sentiment of small and micro enterprises is related to the survival cycle of enterprises. Since the “double creation†in 2015, many startup enterprises have entered the period of transformation and upgrading, and some enterprises have been eliminated by the market. Therefore, there is a demand for employment. Declined.
In addition, the "Opinions" also made specific arrangements for the sources of funds to support entrepreneurship, requiring localities to appropriately relax the conditions for applying for business guarantee loans according to local conditions, and the resulting interest subsidies are borne by local finance. Promote the reward and subsidy policy to be implemented. According to the proportion of the total amount of newly-issued guarantee loans in the same year, reward the operation and management institutions of the venture-guaranteed loan fund and other units to guide them to further enhance the enthusiasm of service and entrepreneurship.
On December 3, the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation, and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security jointly issued a notice to deploy and further implement the taxation policy for key groups' entrepreneurship and employment, requiring those who have registered for more than half a year of unemployment, college graduates during the graduation year, zero-employment families, and urban residents. Minimum living guarantees The employment and employment policies of key groups such as registered unemployed persons within the working age of the family are in place.
Stabilizing employment requires “cost reduction†first
Linking corporate cost reductions to stable employment is one of the priorities of this round of employment policy.
Zhang Yizhen said that in order to promote the difficulty of financing the financing of private enterprises, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has issued a policy of reducing social insurance rates in accordance with the State Council's deployment. For example, we will continue to implement a phased fee reduction policy and introduce unemployment insurance policies to support enterprises. Zhang Yizhen said that the combination of these policies will further reduce the operating costs of enterprises and help enterprises alleviate the difficulties of financing.
Zeng Xiangquan believes that the high labor cost of enterprises is one of the biggest problems facing stable employment. He suggested that tax cuts and fee reduction measures with real money effects should be introduced as soon as possible to stabilize the company's expectations.
In fact, after the 1.3 trillion yuan tax reduction and reduction measures this year, the State Council will launch a new round of substantial and substantial tax reduction and fee reduction measures in 2019, including value-added tax, corporate income tax, individual tax and social insurance premiums. Will become the protagonist, the trillions of tax cuts and landing fees can be expected.
In implementing the tax reduction and fee reduction measures next year, the State Council has clearly proposed reducing the VAT rate and the social insurance rate.
The First Financial Reporter learned that VAT has always been the main force of tax reduction. At present, the VAT rate is 6%, 10% and 16%. In the future, the tax rate will be lowered towards the third gear and the two gears. The tax rate will be reduced by one. The point generally brings a reduction of 100 billion.
Many financial and taxation experts told the First Financial Reporter that reducing the tax rate is very complicated. It must consider not only the financial affordability, but also the impact of tax rate changes on many industries and enterprises. Therefore, there are at least dozens of programs derived. The 16% basic tax rate is likely to be lowered by one to two percentage points, and industries with different tax rates will be adjusted.
In addition, further expansion and improvement of the existing VAT refund tax refund scope, operational procedures, establishment of a tax refund system, clearing tax incentives, and opening a VAT deduction chain are also optional strategies that experts believe.
On January 1, 2019, the tax department will be fully responsible for collecting social insurance premiums. Due to the full information and tax collection capacity of the taxation department, in order to eliminate the concerns of enterprises on the actual burden of social security, the state has made it clear that it is necessary to reduce the nominal rate of social security contributions according to the actual situation, stabilize the payment method, and ensure that the actual burden of corporate social security contributions is substantial. decline. At present, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security is working with relevant departments to study and formulate specific plans to reduce the rate of pension insurance.
Shi Zhengwen, director of the Center for Finance and Tax Research at China University of Political Science and Law, believes that under the current business tax high, high financing costs, high labor costs and other operational difficulties, the actual burden of private enterprise social security should be substantially reduced, the government must pass obvious Reduce fees to help companies weather the storm.
At the recent private enterprise symposium, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, chairman of the state, and chairman of the Central Military Commission, revealed that inclusive micro-enterprises and technology-based start-ups can implement inclusive tax exemptions.
Shi Zhengwen told the First Financial Reporter that this is a very heavy tax cut and the guidance is very good. This means that in the future, the government may exempt the small and micro enterprises and technology-based start-ups from the VAT standard, and the small and micro enterprises may be exempted from corporate income tax in the future.
With the gradual clearing of the special deduction policy for personal income tax, the scale of tax reduction for individual tax will be larger next year, which is also a saving of labor costs for enterprises. According to the statistics of the State Administration of Taxation, in the first month of implementation of the individual tax reform (October), the national personal income tax was reduced by 31.6 billion yuan. Earlier, Vice Minister of Finance Cheng Lihua said that after the tax threshold was raised from 3,500 yuan to 5,000 yuan, the tax revenue would be reduced by 320 billion yuan a year.
In addition, Xi Jinping also proposed to further clean up and streamline the administrative examination and approval matters involving private investment management and enterprise-related charges, standardize intermediate links and intermediary organization behaviors, reduce the burden on enterprises, accelerate the promotion of zero-cost charges for administrative and institutional fees, and reduce enterprise costs. .
The Chinese government is continuing to promote the improvement of the business environment, decentralization and decentralization, and reduce the institutional transaction costs of enterprises. According to the World Bank's recently published Business Environment Report for 2019, China's ranking has risen sharply by more than 30 this year, from 78th last year to 46th, ranking among the top 50 economies in the world.
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