The United States, Japan and Europe are among the world's leaders in the development of automotive polyurethane adhesives for automotive interiors. The waterborne polyurethane adhesive developed by Leung, Pak T, etc., which is suitable for thermoforming lamination process, has much higher bond strength and heat resistance than solvent-based glue or other water-based glue currently used, and can be used to manufacture automobile dashboards. , door panels and other interior parts. Erode-Tanner Company of the United States has developed EVO-Tech385 series of waterborne polyurethane adhesives. The hard substrates that can be bonded are ABS, polypropylene fiberboard, etc. The soft substrates that can be bonded include fabrics, vinyl plastics, etc. High temperature resistance, water resistance, high bonding strength, etc., can be used in the dashboard, front door, rear door and glove box of the car. In Japan, in order to solve the problem of low initial tack of waterborne polyurethane, epoxy resin was introduced into polyurethane to develop a product with good initial tack. Japan's Sunstar and Sunnex's newly developed one-component and two-component waterborne polyurethane adhesives have been used in automotive interiors. The ionic waterborne polyurethane adhesive developed by Sanyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. for automotive interiors has good adhesion and storage stability, and is particularly suitable for bonding PVV substrates.
Seven, application technology outlook and usage forecast
Recently, many automotive interior parts have shown the trend of replacing polyurethane (PUR) materials with polyolefin (PO) foam. Several polyolefin foams are constantly challenging the application of polyurethane foam in many aspects, including the surface of automotive interior parts. , foam, coated fibers, fabrics and sound insulation systems. The driving force behind foamed polyolefins in place of polyurethane foams is the cost of the product, as well as the recyclability of the product and the ability to reduce the emission of toxic gases, as toxic gases are produced during the heating of the laminated fabric by PUR foam.
The dashboard of the car has many functions, many parts and complicated structure. The recycling of the automotive interior parts should first consider the instrument panel. Most of the current instrument panels are made up of PVC skin + semi-rigid foam PU + skeleton, so the recycling of materials is very difficult. The development trend of the instrument panel is that the design is easy to disassemble and easy to assemble, the material selection meets the design requirements and the recycling possibility is considered, and the beauty and low cost are tried as much as possible. This has the potential to promote the development of thermoplastic instrument panels and single-variable plastic instrument panels, but should meet safety and aesthetic requirements.
The inner roof of a car is generally formed by a glass county committee + foamed polyurethane + surface decorative fabric, and the truck generally adopts a foam sheet adhesive roof with artificial leather or fiber fabric on the surface. Considering the functional and recycling requirements, the future development trend is to make the skeleton, sound-absorbing, heat-insulating and skin materials as much as possible, or to use reinforced composite materials that do not need to be separated and can be directly recycled at one time.
PU leather gradually replaces PVC artificial leather. As the first generation of artificial leather products, PVC artificial leather is similar to natural leather, with bright appearance, soft, wear-resistant, folding-resistant, acid and alkali-resistant. It has developed from the 1970s to the present. However, due to poor gas permeability and hygroscopicity, development in recent years has been limited. At present, PU can be used as a substitute for all PVC applications. PU not only has excellent high strength, toughness, aging resistance, breathability, moisture permeability, water impermeability, oil resistance, but also a mature environmentally friendly material.
FAW Group Fuao Jiangsen Company is the backbone of the automotive interior products industry. Each year, the soft materials used for seats, instrument panels and other soft materials consume more than 10,000 tons of materials, and only 240 tons are needed for Changchun. There are more than 100 varieties of softened products such as seats and instrument panels supplied to Jetta, Audi, Mazda and Jiefang Automobile, which consume more than 3,000 tons of polyurethane raw materials each year. Technical problems in polyurethane foams and products: such as storage stability of MDI, TDI and additive mixtures, resistance to wet heat aging of product properties, product foaming, cracking and other defects caused by unstable foaming process. Polyurethane foam and product development needs will gradually become: lightweight, multi-hardness, low odor, low haze, aging resistance, storage stability and more environmentally friendly development.
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