1 Gibberellin (GA3)
The physiological effect of gibberellin is mainly to promote growth; for young cells of meristematic tissue, its role is to promote division; for mature cells, its role is mainly elongation. Compared with auxin, it has the following effects: it acts on the whole plant; only the stem is elongated, and the number of nodes is not increased. Only the stem with the interstitial meristem can increase the number of nodes; there is no inhibition at high concentration. The effect is that the plant morphology is abnormal when the concentration is too high; gibberellin can also promote nutrient transport, break seed dormancy, inhibit fruit tree flowering, inhibit flower bud differentiation, promote fruit set, affect fruit ripening, promote fruit development, and inhibit in most cases. Organ aging; gibberellins can also affect the synthesis and action of other hormones and certain enzymes.
Apple: In order to increase the fruit setting rate, it can spray 25-100 PPM gibberellin during the full bloom period, which can increase the fruit setting rate by more than 27%.
Pear: In order to improve the fruit setting rate, sand pear can spray 50 PPM gibberellin in the initial stage of flower bud; the female flower of avocado can be sprayed with 50 PPM gibberellin to increase the fruit setting rate after freezing; Jingbai pear can be expanded during full bloom and young fruit Spray 25 PPM gibberellin to increase the fruit setting rate and increase the yield.
Peach: 20 PPM gibberellin can increase the fruit setting rate during flowering period; more than 50% parthenocarpy can be obtained by spraying 250-1,000 PPM gibberellin after flowering, and some early-maturing varieties can be induced with 100-500 PPM gibberellin. Obtained parthenocarpy.
Grapes: 10 to 20 days before flowering and 10 days after flowering, 100 PPM gibberellin can make Jufeng grape get high-yield and high-quality non-nuclear fruit, or prevent it from being sprayed, or use medicated liquid to spread the inflorescence; 800 PPM B9 plus 200 PPM gibberellin is mixed, sprayed or dipped in ear to reduce grape rot and fall.
Hawthorn: Spraying 40-60 PPM gibberellin at full bloom can induce parthenocarpy, increase fruit set rate and increase single fruit weight; treatment of seeds with 500-1,000 PPM gibberellin before sand can increase seed germination rate.
Cherry: sweet cherry flower spray 50 ~ 200 PPM gibberellin +50 PPM naphthoxyacetic acid, spraying gibberellin for 3 weeks after flowering can delay maturity, fruit enlargement, reduce cracking, increase capacity, and make juice clear, vitamin The C content increased; spraying 50 PPM gibberellin + 100 PPM ethephon increased the flower bud cold resistance; immersed in 1,000 PPM gibberellin for 12 hours before summer sowing to increase the germination rate of the hairy cherry seeds.
Jujube: In order to improve the fruit setting rate, Jinsi jujube can spray 10~15 PPM gibberellin twice during flowering period; it can spray 5 PPM gibberellin in full bloom period.
Kiwifruit: Place the seeds on the filter paper soaked with gibberellin (500-1,000 PPM) before sowing. Adding the liquid to moisten the filter paper every day can break the seed dormancy and increase the emergence rate.
Persimmon: After persimmon, the ripening of sweet persimmon is immersed in 500-1,000 PPM of gibberellin for 3 to 12 hours, which can be delayed for 1 month. The persimmon is sprayed 25~ when the fruit begins to turn from green to yellow. 50 PPM gibberellin, which protects against corrosion and slows down the rate of softening.
Walnut: Soaking with 100-200 PPM gibberellin for 24 hours before the next seed can shorten the germination time by 3 to 5 days.
2 Ethephon
Physiological effects mainly promote fruit ripening, and are also related to physiological processes such as cell division, elongation, seed dormancy, germination, flowering, sex differentiation, organ aging and shedding. Note that ethephon cannot be mixed with an alkaline solution.
For ripening of fruits: early-maturing varieties of apples can be sprayed with 250-500 PPM ethephon in 20 days before ripening, and mid-late maturity varieties can be sprayed with 500 PPM ethephon in 20 days before ripening, which can raise the morning color for 1 to 2 weeks. Degree and sugar content; early pears spray 150 PPM ethephon on the 25th day before harvest, which can be early matured and colored; grape fruit can be simmered or sprayed 500~ in the late stage of dyeing or in the early stage of coloring until 6-7 days before ripening. 800 PPM ethephon, ripening and color enhancement; spraying 400-700 PPM early 15 to 20 days before ripening; walnuts are immersed in 3,000-5,000 PPM solution for 0.5 minutes after harvesting, stacked 30-50 cm thick, capped 1 layer of grasshopper, after 3 to 5 days, the crack of the walnut skin is easily removed; 7 to 8 days before the date of the date, 200 to 300 PPM is sprayed, and 4 to 5 days of fruit drop to save the harvest.
For thinning and thinning: 10 days after apple blossom, spray 300 PPM ethephon +10-20 PPM NAA; Jin Shuai starts spraying 10 days after spraying, 750 PPM+10 PPM NAA; late Sanji pear sprays 400 PPM ethylene in flower bud period Lee, sprayed 200 to 250 PPM ethephon 2 weeks after the flowering of the pear.
Promote apple flower bud differentiation: It can be used to spray 1,000 to 1,500 PPM before the new shoots grow rapidly.
Disintegration of persimmon fruit: use 40% ethephon to prepare 250-500 PPM liquid, spray or simmer persimmon fruit, seal and store for 3 to 5 days, then remove the color.
Promote early fruit detachment: 10 to 27 days before the harvest of walnuts, spraying 500-1,000 PPM of ethephon, the fruit can fall off 5 to 10 days earlier.
3 benzyl hydrazine (BA)
The chemical name is 6-benzyl hydrazine, which is a type of cytokinin. Its main physiological effect is to promote cell division, enlarge the fruit, increase leaves and fruits, change the shape of the fruit, delay the aging of the organs, and stimulate the opening of the pores, healing of the wounds, formation of layer activities, and release of dormancy.
Promote germination: soaking the mixture with 1,000 PPMGA and BA for 24 hours before sowing can increase the emergence rate of young seeds.
Promote branching: Mix BA into lanolin to make branchings. Spread the branches to promote branching and increase the branching angle. In November, grape strips can be immersed in 1,000 PPM BA for 1.5 hours to make half of the grapes. The above buds sprouted.
Induced parthenocarpy: In the flowering stage, 200 PPMBA and GA mixture were used to soak the inflorescence to induce seedless grapes.
Change the shape of the fruit: Spray 200 PPM BA during the flowering period to increase the fruit shape index of the Marshal apple and make the five-edge protrusion.
4 Paclobutrazol (PP333)
It is a synthetic plant growth retardant that blocks the biosynthesis of GA3 and is an antagonist of gibberellin with a long lasting effect. It can inhibit vegetative growth, promote flower bud differentiation, improve light conditions, and achieve early fruit, high yield and high quality. The application methods mainly include: soil application, digging under the crown to dig the ditch, pay attention to the application, and the time is better for the autumn application. The dosage depends on the specific conditions; spraying, with the aqueous solution to start the new shoots, the concentration is as follows. The specific situation is determined. The application of PP333 must pay attention to strengthening the reasonable load of fertilizer and water management, so as to avoid the tree weakening.
Apple: The application time is preferably 3 to 4 weeks after flowering, and the dosage is 0.15 to 0.25 g of pure product per square meter of projected area. The spray concentration is 1,000 to 2,000 PPM.
Pear: young tree. The concentration of 1,500 to 2,000 × 10-6 is applied from late April to mid-May; mature trees that have grown too much can be applied in the autumn or germination stage at 5 to 7 g/plant.
Peach: 1 to 3 years old tree, sprayed at 5-10 cm of new shoots, spray 15% paclobutraz 300-500 times 3 times; soil application 1 year dose 0.125-0.25 g/m2, also in June Spray 1,500 mg/l paclobutrazol once a day on the 20th. It will be halved every year; other stone fruit trees such as apricot, plum, cherry and other fruit trees will be applied to the same peach.
Chestnut: Chestnut tree that is not compact and has strong growth of new shoots can be sprayed at the peak of vegetative growth at a concentration of 2,000×10-6; 6~8-year-old Wangshu can be applied in autumn or early spring. 10.5 g / strain. If combined with boron fertilizer, it can also reduce the openness.
Grape: The saplings with more growth and growth of the secondary shoots can be sprayed at a concentration of 1,500 PPM for 1 or 2 times (10 to 15 days before the first flower, 10 to 15 days after the second flower); 2 to 4 years old. Young Wangshu can be applied in the early spring for 3 to 4.5 g/plant. Combined with the application of GA, the yield can be increased by 15% to 26%, and 80% of the topping work can be reduced.
楂: Young wangshu, sprayed 20 days after flowering, the concentration is 500×10-6; 5~7 years old saplings, in the autumn or vegetative growth peak, soil application 6～9 g/plant.
Citrus: Young saplings, sprayed at 2 to 3 cm in the autumn, at a concentration of 1,000 to 1,500 x 10-6.
Green plum: For the young and sturdy young tree, spray at a new shoot 15-20 cm, the concentration is 1,000 ~ 1,500 × 10-6; 6 ~ 8 years old tree, can be applied 7 ~ 10.5 grams before germination / strain. Precautions for the application of paclobutrazol in fruit trees: 1 Generally, it should not be sprayed before flowering and fruit harvesting. The degree of spraying should be such that the leaves are completely wet and dripping; 2 A simple calculation method for soil application is: the age of the trees is multiplied by 1 to 1.5. (coefficient) is the amount of application per plant, the unit is g/strain; 3 the paclobutrazol applied is 15% wettable powder, the dosage is the appropriate dosage, and the citrus and grape are the reference dosage.
(Source: Public Welfare Plant Protection )
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