 |
Since solar energy is a clean energy source, its application is rapidly growing worldwide. Using solar power to generate electricity is a way to use solar energy. However, the cost of building a solar power generation system is still relatively high. From the perspective of the cost of solar power generation in China at this stage, the cost of solar power is about 30-40. %, therefore, in order to use solar energy more fully and efficiently, how to select the azimuth and tilt angle of the solar cell array is a very important issue.
Solar panel installation angle calculation
1. Azimuth
The azimuth of the solar cell array is the angle between the vertical plane of the square and the south direction (set negative angle eastward and set positive angle westward). In general, solar cells generate the largest amount of electricity when the square is oriented toward the south (ie, the angle between the square and the south of the square is 0°). When deviating from the south (northern hemisphere) by 30°, the power output of the square matrix will decrease by about 10% to 15%; when deviating from the south (northern hemisphere) by 60°, the power output of the square matrix will decrease by about 20% to 30%. . However, in the clear summer, the maximum time of solar radiation energy is after noon, so when the orientation of the square is slightly westward, the maximum generating power can be obtained in the afternoon. In different seasons, the orientation of the solar cell array is slightly eastward or westward, with some generating the largest amount of electricity. The array installation site is subject to many conditions, such as the azimuth of the land when set on the ground, the azimuth of the roof when it is installed on the roof, or the azimuth angle in order to avoid the shadow of the sun, layout planning, power generation efficiency, Many factors such as design planning and construction purposes are related. If you want to adjust the azimuth angle to the peak time of the load during the day and the peak power generation time, refer to the following formula. As for the occasion of grid-connected power generation, it is hoped that the azimuth angle will be selected in consideration of the above aspects. Azimuth angle = (peak time of day load (24-hour clock) -12) × 15 + (longitude -116) On October 9th, the relationship between solar radiation and time is shown when solar arrays in Beijing are in different azimuths. In different seasons, the moment of peak solar radiation at each azimuth is different.
2. Angle of inclination
The tilt angle is the angle between the square plane of the solar cell and the horizontal ground, and it is hoped that this angle is the best tilt angle when the power output of the square is the maximum in one year. The best inclination angle in a year is related to the local geographic latitude. When the latitude is high, the corresponding inclination angle is also large. However, as in the azimuth angle, restrictions on the tilt angle of the roof and the inclination of the snow fall (the slope is greater than 50% to 60%) must be taken into account in the design. With respect to the inclination angle of snowfall, even if the amount of electricity generated during the snow-covered period is small, the total annual power generation may increase. Therefore, in particular, in the grid-connected power generation system, snowfall may not be given priority. , but also further consider other factors. For positive south (with an azimuth of 0° degrees), when the tilt angle gradually transitions from horizontal (the tilt angle is 0° degrees) to the best tilt angle, its solar radiation increases continuously until it reaches the maximum value, and then it increases the tilt angle. The amount of solar radiation is decreasing. In particular, after the inclination angle is greater than 50° to 60°, the solar radiation decreases sharply until the final vertical placement, the power generation amount is reduced to the minimum. There are practical examples of square arrays placed vertically from 10° to 20°. For the case where the azimuth is not 0°, the value of the solar radiation is generally low, and the maximum solar radiation is near the tilt angle close to the horizontal plane. The above is the relationship between the azimuth angle, the tilt angle and the power generation amount, and the azimuth angle and the tilt angle of a certain square matrix for a specific design should also be integrated and further considered together with the actual situation.
3. The effect of shadow on power generation
Under normal circumstances, when we calculate the amount of power generated, we obtain it on the premise that there is no shadow on the phalanx. Therefore, if the solar cell cannot be directly illuminated by sunlight, only scattered light is used to generate electricity, and the amount of electricity generated at this time is reduced by about 10% to 20% compared to the case without shadow. For this situation, we need to correct the theoretical calculations. In general, when there are buildings and mountain peaks around the phalanx, when the sun comes out, there will be shadows around the buildings and the mountains. Therefore, you should avoid shadows when you choose to place squares. If it cannot be avoided, it should be resolved from the wiring method of the solar battery so that the impact of the shadow on the power generation is minimized. In addition, if the square is placed before and after, after the distance between the square behind and the front square is close, the shadow of the front square will affect the power generation of the square behind. There is a bamboo pole with a height of L1. Its north-south shadow length is L2, and the sun height (elevation angle) is A. When the azimuth angle is B, assuming that the shadow magnification is R, then:
R=L2/L1=ctgA×cosB
This formula should be calculated on the winter solstice day, because that day has the longest shadow. For example, the height of the upper edge of the square is h1, and the height of the lower edge is h2: then the distance between the squares is a=(h1-h2)×R. When the latitude is high, the distance between the squares increases, and accordingly the area of ​​the setting place also increases. For a square array with anti-snow-covering measures, its tilt angle is large, so that the height of the square matrix is ​​increased. In order to avoid the influence of the shadow, the distance between the square arrays is also increased accordingly. Generally, when arranging the array of square arrays, the construction size of each square matrix should be selected respectively, and the height thereof should be adjusted to an appropriate value, so that the height difference can be used to minimize the distance between the square arrays. The specific design of the solar cell array, in the rational determination of azimuth and tilt angle, should also be fully considered in order to achieve the best state of the square array.
DQOK toilet Bidet Spray kit is made of stainless steel or brass. It is used to clean the toilet and supply water for the toilet, so that people can have a cleaner and healthier toilet.
Toilet Bidet Sprayer Set Kit,Single Handles Toilet Set Kit,Stainless-Steel Toilet Bidet Set Kit,Bathroom Toilet Bidet Sprayer Set Kit
Heshan Dingquan Sanitary Ware Industry Co., Ltd , https://www.dqoksanitary.com