Chinese and foreign scientists will penetrate the earth's crust boundary for the first time

It is the ideal of earth scientists all over the world to drill ultra-deep drilling, drill through the earth's crust, and directly "touch" the boundary between the earth's crust and the mantle. Thirty scientists from 12 countries including the United States, Britain, and China have boarded the US "Decision" drill ship, preparing to conduct the first ocean drilling in the southwest Indian Ocean through the border of the Earth's crust.

This is the 360th voyage of the International Ocean Discovery Program and the first voyage called the SloMo program. "SloMo" is an abbreviation for "the nature of slow expansion of the subterranean crust and Moho surface." The plan is to drill through the crust-mantle boundary for the first time in human history to test the hypothesis that "the Moho surface below the slow, ultra-slow expansion ridge represents the altered boundary of the mantle." Researcher Liu Chuanzhou from the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Professor Zhou Huaiyang from the State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology of Tongji University, and Dr. Ma Qiang, member of the research team, participated in the whole process.

Moho is the interface between the crust and the mantle named after the seismologist Moholovic. At this interface, the longitudinal and transverse wave propagation speeds of seismic waves increase significantly. The traditional theory holds that the lower crust of the ocean is composed of gabbro and separated from the mantle by Moho.

But the latest hypothesis is that it is difficult to accurately reflect the lithological changes inside the oceanic crust under the slow or ultra-slow expansion ridge. Because the seawater infiltrates into the mantle and reacts with the peridotite, the peridotite reduces the seismic wave velocity during the reaction and becomes similar to the seismic wave velocity of the lower oceanic gabbro. Therefore, the Moho surface may also be the interface between the altered peridotite and the unaltered peridotite, rather than the crust-mantle boundary.

In order to test the above hypothesis, in the next two months, scientists will take the "Decision" to drill a 1300-meter-deep hole in the southwestern Indian Ocean ridge near 32 degrees south latitude and 57 degrees east longitude. In the follow-up plan, the scientists will also take the Japanese “Earth”, which has a stronger drilling capability than the “Decision”, to deepen the hole to 3,000 meters and finally break through the crust boundary.

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