According to media reports, quantum dots are seen as a promising approach. The Canadian research team first developed a colloidal quantum dot double-layer solar cell, which is made up of light-absorbing nanoparticles called quantum dots. It can absorb visible light and absorb invisible light. The theoretical conversion efficiency can be as high as 42%, which is more than the theoretical conversion rate of 31% of the existing ordinary solar cells.
Quantum dots are seen as a promising approach to making low-cost solar cells because they can be sprayed onto a variety of surfaces. However, the battery efficiency of this technology is too low to be practical. In a two-layer solar cell developed by researchers at the University of Toronto, one quantum dot is modulated to capture visible light while the other captures infrared light. The researchers also introduced a transition layer consisting of four different film-like metal oxides, a method that reduces interlayer resistance.
Researchers have chosen transparent oxides for this layer, allowing light to pass through them to the underlying battery, which has a solar cell conversion efficiency of 4.2%. This method can be used to make 3- or even 4-layer solar cells. The research team increased the theoretical efficiency from 30% to over 40% because it was able to make multi-layer quantum dot solar cells. But to develop solar cells of any size close to this efficiency, it is necessary to eliminate the bound state problem.
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