The following is an introduction to the main pests and diseases that harm fruit trees. The China Pesticide Network Xiaobian introduces you to specific pest and disease identification and how to choose suitable biological pesticides for prevention and treatment:
1. Hazards that damage the leaves:
The leaf-feeding pests of the lepidopteran have the leaf miner, the gypsy moth, the apple hawk moth, the apple leaf curler, the cotton bollworm, etc., which are harmful to the apple, the jujube scorpion, the yellow thorn moth, etc. which harm the jujube; the leaf-feeding pests of the same wing, such as the hazard Apples, aphids of peach trees, pear mites, leaf mites, etc.; coleoptera pests, such as the terracotta chafers that endanger a variety of fruit trees; eye-catching red spiders, apple red spiders. The diseases mainly include brown spot disease, gray spot disease, leaf rust, powdery mildew, downy mildew caused by pathogenic fungi, perforation caused by pathogenic bacteria, and the like.
2. The pests that harm the fruit mainly include apples, pears, hawthorns, peaches, jujubes, peaches, heartworms, pears, heartworms, and peaches, etc.; pears that harm apples and pears; Peel of the fruit peel; the diseases that damage the fruit are mainly ring disease, anthracnose, black spot, black spot, self-rot, black pox and mildew caused by pathogenic fungi.
3. The pests that endanger the branches mainly include the beetles. For example, the white-spotted beetle that harms the walnut, the red-necked beetle that harms the peach tree; the jiding insects, such as the pear-like golden worms that harm the pear trees; the scale insects, such as the pears that harm apples and pears, Japanese tortoise shells that harm jujube trees; diseases mainly include rot, dry rot, and ulcer disease.
Second, pesticides <br> pesticide application of pesticides and biological agents chosen selection of soil pesticides as much as possible. At the same time, you can choose high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue chemical pesticides, such as dichlorvos, trichlorfon, pyrethroids, carbendazim, methyl thiophanate, chlorothalonil, triadimefon, Bordeaux mixture and stone sulphur mixture. It is strictly forbidden to use highly toxic and highly residual pesticides. Highly toxic pesticides that are strictly prohibited in fruit tree production include: methamidophos, carbofuran, 1605, 3911, omethoate, insecticidal mites, chlorpyrifos, hexachlorocyclohexane, dicofol, methylisophosphorus, monocrotophos , methomyl and organic mercury preparations.
Third, we introduce several high-efficiency and low-toxic biological preparation pesticides:
Diflubenzuron III: It is a kind of biomimetic preparation pesticide, which is mainly based on stomach toxicity and has a contact effect. It is resistant to rain and has a duration of 20 days and is safe for natural enemies. It can control the larvae of lepidopteran leaf-feeding pests that are harmful to fruit trees.
Matrine: Matrine is a broad-spectrum plant insecticide that is low-toxic to humans and animals, has contact and stomach toxicity, and can effectively control lepidopteran larvae and red spiders.
Green Weilei II: It is a broken microcapsule with the active ingredient of avermectin, which can effectively prevent adults of the beetles and geese.
Polyoxomycin (also known as Bao Li'an): It is an agricultural antibiotic fungicide with good systemic absorption. It is a protective and therapeutic agent that can prevent and prevent ring rot, anthracnose, deciduous disease, white rot, etc. A variety of diseases, is an ideal fungicide to replace carbendazim, methyl thiophanate.
The control of fruit stems and diseases can be controlled by fungicides such as rouge and fumei. Fruit leaf rust and powdery mildew can be controlled with fungicide powder rust.
Agricultural streptomycin: It is a fungicide for controlling bacterial diseases and can be used to control bacterial perforation of peach and apricot.
螨 净 净 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
Avermectin: It is the most suitable biologic pesticide in the production of pollution-free fruits. It has a strong pharmacological effect on resistant pests and mites. It has strong contact and stomach toxicity, rapid drug effect and complete prevention. It can effectively control aphids, red spiders, carnivores, pear hibiscus, moths, chafers and other leaf-eating pests. According to the China Pesticide Network , the new generation of nicotine insecticides of imidacloprid is a strong systemic and pollution-free insecticide that replaces omethoate and monocrotophos. It can effectively control various pests such as aphids, scale insects, pear hibiscus and leaf roller moth. .
Beta cyclodextrin (β-CD) and Beta-cyclodextrin derivatives (β-CD) are new type drug inclusion compound developed in recent years. Hydrophilic methylation of β-CD and Hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin form inclusion compound with poorly soluble drugs, it can improve the solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of drugs. After Hydrophobic ethyl β-CD forms inclusion compound with water soluble drugs, it can control drug release rate. There are many kinds of cyclodextrins, but it is still the most widely used beta-CD, because β-CD has the advantages: The cavity diameter is moderate, strong combining ability, raw materials can be produced in large quantities, economical and efficiently.
Beta-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) is a kind of cyclic oligosaccharides, cyclodextrin glucanotransferase affects starch and produce 7 dextrose, the dextrose is connected throughα-1.4 glycosidic bond and forms Beta-Cyclodextrin.
Beta cyclodextrin molecules have a unique intramolecular cavity, the compound molecule is wrapped by a cyclodextrin cavity, which greatly reduces its contact with surrounding environment, and can play a lot of special effects. Beta cyclodextrin is widely applied in industry.
Beta-Cyclodextrin is used in pharmaceutical industry:
Beta-Cyclodextrin can effectively increase the solubility and dissolution rate of some water soluble drugs in water, for example, prostaglandins-CD complexes can Increase the solubility of primary drug to make injection. It can also improve the stability and bioavailability of drugs, reduce bad smell or bitter taste of drugs, lower the stimulation and toxic and side effects of drugs, also it can make drug release and improve dosage form.
Beta-Cyclodextrin is used in analytical chemistry :
Beta-Cyclodextrin is chiral compound, it has the ability to identify and choose organic molecules, which is successfully applied in various kinds of chromatography and electrophoresis methods, to separate various isomers and enantiomers. Beta Cyclodextrin can improve the selectivity of system in electrochemical analysis.
Beta-Cyclodextrin is used in cosmetics :
Beta-Cyclodextrin is used together with surfactant in shampoo and kitchen cleaning agent, it can reduce the stimulation of surfactant for skin. Beta-Cyclodextrin also can remove oil stains on the fabric. In the dyeing process, Beta-Cyclodextrin can significantly reduce initial dyeing speeds of dyestuff, to improve leveling and fiber coloring.
Beta-Cyclodextrin is used in environmental protection :
Beta-Cyclodextrin can be used in environmental protection , it can form stable inclusion complex with pollutants to reduce environmental pollution. Its unique molecular structure can be used in the treatment of industrial wastewater by biological process. In addition, Beta-Cyclodextrin can be added into air freshener, to achieve the effect of releasing slowly gas molecules and prolonging the duration of flavor.
Beta-Cyclodextrin is used in agriculture :
Pyrethroid is a kind of very important pesticide, it can solve the problem of insoluble in water and consuming a lot of organic solvent to add Beta-Cyclodextrin. This is an effective way to solve environment pollution of pyrethroid. For fish feed containing unsaturated fatty acid, wrap fatty acid with Beta-Cyclodextrin, it can prevent its diffusion into water.
Beta-Cyclodextrin is used in food industry :
Natural Beta Cyclodextrin ,β-cyclodextrin
Shandong Binzhou Zhiyuan Biotechnology Co., LTD , http://www.zycydextrin.com