Editor's note: Spring farming is busy! It is also the peak season for farmers to buy fertilizer and fertilizer. Beware! Every year, there are always some unscrupulous merchants who will extend their hands to simple farmers and sell black and white money by setting up “traps†to sell fake and inferior fertilizers. Crops “eat†fake and inferior “foodâ€, and production cuts and harvests occur. The deceived peasants often can only watch the harvest of the shackles disappear into nothing. Today, experts from the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center combine the case analysis of common pitfalls and make simple and actionable suggestions for farmers to purchase fertilizers correctly.
Tip one
Regular channel purchase
When purchasing fertilizer, please try to purchase it in the formal channels such as large-scale agricultural capital market and fertilizer station. Don't listen to the so-called "instructor" and "experts", don't go to personal or other informal sales outlets to avoid greed and cheap. Once you encounter the “Fudge Groupâ€, you should promptly report it to the local agricultural law enforcement department to prevent other farmers from being deceived.
Tip 2
Identify fertilizer packaging
The fertilizer packaging of regular manufacturers is generally standardized and strong, in line with national standards.
According to the Contents and Requirements for Fertilizer Labels (GB18382-2001), the packaging label shall include: the name and trademark of the fertilizer indicated in Chinese; the specification, grade and net content of the fertilizer; the nutrient content; the content of other additives; the production license number and fertilizer registration. Certificate number; product implementation standard; producer's name, site, telephone number; warning instructions; At the same time, the product instruction manual should be attached to the package. The product used within the time limit should be marked with the date of manufacture and the expiration date.
The name of the fertilizer factory, the company address and the telephone number on the package are all unqualified fertilizer products.
The packaging of counterfeit and inferior fertilizers is generally printed with exaggerated terms such as rough, poor quality, easy to leak, unclear identification, incomplete information, and exaggerated fertilizer effects. If the packaging mouth has a tear-off, it is particularly noticeable and may be adulterated.
It should also be noted that urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium cyanamide, ammonium phosphate (monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate), nitrophosphate fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, hydrogen carbonate Ammonium, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, single trace element fertilizer, high concentration compound fertilizer are exempted from registration products.
In addition, some products on the market that are known as new fertilizers are marked with special eye-catching characters such as imported nano-magnetic agents, activins, and light energy in their packaging bags. Some simply write a bunch of foreign languages, which is dazzling and easy. Caused farmers to be deceived.
Tip three
Observe the shape and color of the fertilizer
Most of the nitrogen fertilizers are crystalline, white, some brownish or light blue; phosphates are mostly bulk or powdery amorphous, brownish brown or brown; potassium is mostly crystalline, white or red; Uniform particles, smooth surface, not easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate, uniform color, no obvious color difference; diammonium phosphate particles have high hardness, obvious oil luster, color from light yellow to dark gray, dark brown; blended fertilizer (BB The shape of the fertilizer is mostly granular, and some are strips or flakes. The colors are mostly gray, grayish white, variegated, colored, etc.; potassium dihydrogen phosphate is white crystal.
Tip four
Smell the smell of fertilizer
Ammonium bicarbonate has a strong ammonia odor; ammonium sulfate and superphosphate have a sour taste, but if it is pungent and sour, it means that waste sulfuric acid is likely to be used in the production process. This fertilizer is very toxic and extremely easy. Damage or burnt crops; commercial organic fertilizers are generally brown or taupe, granular or powdery, no wood sticks, bricks and tiles, etc., good quality organic fertilizer particles are uniform, loose powder, no livestock and poultry The stench of swearing. In general, the smell of fake and inferior fertilizers is not obvious.
Tip five
Burning fertilizer sample
A small amount of fertilizer sample is burned with fire and can be identified from the color of the flame, the burning condition, the smell of smoke and the residue.
Ammonium bicarbonate is directly decomposed by fire, and produces a large amount of white smoke, no residue, and is accompanied by a strong ammonia odor. Ammonium chloride is directly decomposed or sublimed by fire to produce a large amount of white smoke, no residue, and has a strong ammonia smell and sour taste. After the urea burns, it melts rapidly and emits white smoke. When the glass is exposed to white smoke, a layer of white crystals is attached to it. Calcium superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, phosphate rock powder, etc. are not changed on the red charcoal, and the bone powder will immediately turn black and give off a smell of burnt smell. Potassium sulphate, potassium chloride, and potassium magnesium sulphate did not change much on red charcoal, and did not melt but had a "squeaky" sound. When a compound fertilizer containing ammonia nitrogen or amide nitrogen is burned, it emits a strong ammonia smell and a large amount of residue. When the formula fertilizer (blend fertilizer) is burned, some can emit a stimulating ammonia smell, and the formula fertilizer containing potassium will emit a unique purple flame.
Tip six
Touch fertilizer sample
For fertilizer products, you can pinch a few times, and there is damage or powder after pinching, indicating that the water content is high and the hardness index is unqualified. High-quality fertilizers feel good, and oily is genuine. The urea granules have the same size, are not easy to agglomerate, have strong fluidity, and therefore have a good hand feeling, while the fake urea has a burning sensation and a tingling hand when touched. High-quality potassium fertilizer has less hygroscopicity and is not easy to agglomerate. Most of the moisture-absorbing agglomerates are fake and inferior products. If the storage time is long or improper storage, agglomeration will occur. The longer the cake, the harder the cake is. A pinch will break open. Superphosphate is heavy and feels but not frivolous. If the superphosphate is found to have obvious impurities such as clods, stones, cinders, etc., it is a counterfeit product; if the acidity is too rich and the water is too much, it is unqualified unqualified, non-finished superphosphate. In addition, there are unscrupulous merchants that premise phosphogypsum, waste cement residue, etc. as superphosphate. Phosphogypsum has a light texture, feels cotton, and is relatively dry; the waste cement slag is heavier than superphosphate, the hand is not greasy, it is not dry, it is not dry, and there are hard cement particles.
Tip 7
Dissolve fertilizer samples in water
Nitrogen fertilizers such as urea, ammonium hydrogencarbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and calcium ammonium nitrate can all be dissolved in water. When the urea is dissolved, the temperature of the water is significantly lowered, and the hand touch has an ice hand feeling, and in the dissolution, it can be seen that the slow-dissolving particles are a translucent shell film. The dissolution of phosphate fertilizer is more complicated. The superphosphate is partially soluble in water residue; the heavy superphosphate is dissolved in water without residue or a small amount of residue; calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, steel slag phosphate fertilizer, phosphate rock powder and the like are insoluble in water. Commonly used potassium fertilizers are potassium chloride and potassium sulfate, both of which are soluble in water. The high-quality compound fertilizer has good water solubility. When the particles are immersed in water, it will diverge, dissolve or have a little residue, while the inferior compound fertilizer has poor solubility or does not dissolve at all. The compound fertilizer potassium nitrate, ammonium phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can all be dissolved in water. Slow-release fertilizers are not easily dissolved because of the special coating, but after the fertilizer coating is broken, the fertilizer inside is easily dissolved.
Tip eight
To invoice sample
You must ask for an invoice when you buy fertilizer. After the fertilizer is used up, it is necessary to keep the fertilizer bag and other packaging, and reserve 1 to 2 kg of fertilizer samples for future complaints. In the event of quality problems, it is necessary to negotiate with the seller of agricultural materials in a timely manner; if the negotiation cannot be resolved, it shall complain to the technical supervision departments at all levels, the administrative department of industry and the administrative department of agriculture, and coordinate with it; if the coordination is fruitful, it may sue in court. To protect their legitimate rights and interests.
National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center Zheng Lei Li Rong Farmer Daily
Tip one
Regular channel purchase
When purchasing fertilizer, please try to purchase it in the formal channels such as large-scale agricultural capital market and fertilizer station. Don't listen to the so-called "instructor" and "experts", don't go to personal or other informal sales outlets to avoid greed and cheap. Once you encounter the “Fudge Groupâ€, you should promptly report it to the local agricultural law enforcement department to prevent other farmers from being deceived.
Tip 2
Identify fertilizer packaging
The fertilizer packaging of regular manufacturers is generally standardized and strong, in line with national standards.
According to the Contents and Requirements for Fertilizer Labels (GB18382-2001), the packaging label shall include: the name and trademark of the fertilizer indicated in Chinese; the specification, grade and net content of the fertilizer; the nutrient content; the content of other additives; the production license number and fertilizer registration. Certificate number; product implementation standard; producer's name, site, telephone number; warning instructions; At the same time, the product instruction manual should be attached to the package. The product used within the time limit should be marked with the date of manufacture and the expiration date.
The name of the fertilizer factory, the company address and the telephone number on the package are all unqualified fertilizer products.
The packaging of counterfeit and inferior fertilizers is generally printed with exaggerated terms such as rough, poor quality, easy to leak, unclear identification, incomplete information, and exaggerated fertilizer effects. If the packaging mouth has a tear-off, it is particularly noticeable and may be adulterated.
It should also be noted that urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium cyanamide, ammonium phosphate (monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate), nitrophosphate fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, hydrogen carbonate Ammonium, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, single trace element fertilizer, high concentration compound fertilizer are exempted from registration products.
In addition, some products on the market that are known as new fertilizers are marked with special eye-catching characters such as imported nano-magnetic agents, activins, and light energy in their packaging bags. Some simply write a bunch of foreign languages, which is dazzling and easy. Caused farmers to be deceived.
Tip three
Observe the shape and color of the fertilizer
Most of the nitrogen fertilizers are crystalline, white, some brownish or light blue; phosphates are mostly bulk or powdery amorphous, brownish brown or brown; potassium is mostly crystalline, white or red; Uniform particles, smooth surface, not easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate, uniform color, no obvious color difference; diammonium phosphate particles have high hardness, obvious oil luster, color from light yellow to dark gray, dark brown; blended fertilizer (BB The shape of the fertilizer is mostly granular, and some are strips or flakes. The colors are mostly gray, grayish white, variegated, colored, etc.; potassium dihydrogen phosphate is white crystal.
Tip four
Smell the smell of fertilizer
Ammonium bicarbonate has a strong ammonia odor; ammonium sulfate and superphosphate have a sour taste, but if it is pungent and sour, it means that waste sulfuric acid is likely to be used in the production process. This fertilizer is very toxic and extremely easy. Damage or burnt crops; commercial organic fertilizers are generally brown or taupe, granular or powdery, no wood sticks, bricks and tiles, etc., good quality organic fertilizer particles are uniform, loose powder, no livestock and poultry The stench of swearing. In general, the smell of fake and inferior fertilizers is not obvious.
Tip five
Burning fertilizer sample
A small amount of fertilizer sample is burned with fire and can be identified from the color of the flame, the burning condition, the smell of smoke and the residue.
Ammonium bicarbonate is directly decomposed by fire, and produces a large amount of white smoke, no residue, and is accompanied by a strong ammonia odor. Ammonium chloride is directly decomposed or sublimed by fire to produce a large amount of white smoke, no residue, and has a strong ammonia smell and sour taste. After the urea burns, it melts rapidly and emits white smoke. When the glass is exposed to white smoke, a layer of white crystals is attached to it. Calcium superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, phosphate rock powder, etc. are not changed on the red charcoal, and the bone powder will immediately turn black and give off a smell of burnt smell. Potassium sulphate, potassium chloride, and potassium magnesium sulphate did not change much on red charcoal, and did not melt but had a "squeaky" sound. When a compound fertilizer containing ammonia nitrogen or amide nitrogen is burned, it emits a strong ammonia smell and a large amount of residue. When the formula fertilizer (blend fertilizer) is burned, some can emit a stimulating ammonia smell, and the formula fertilizer containing potassium will emit a unique purple flame.
Tip six
Touch fertilizer sample
For fertilizer products, you can pinch a few times, and there is damage or powder after pinching, indicating that the water content is high and the hardness index is unqualified. High-quality fertilizers feel good, and oily is genuine. The urea granules have the same size, are not easy to agglomerate, have strong fluidity, and therefore have a good hand feeling, while the fake urea has a burning sensation and a tingling hand when touched. High-quality potassium fertilizer has less hygroscopicity and is not easy to agglomerate. Most of the moisture-absorbing agglomerates are fake and inferior products. If the storage time is long or improper storage, agglomeration will occur. The longer the cake, the harder the cake is. A pinch will break open. Superphosphate is heavy and feels but not frivolous. If the superphosphate is found to have obvious impurities such as clods, stones, cinders, etc., it is a counterfeit product; if the acidity is too rich and the water is too much, it is unqualified unqualified, non-finished superphosphate. In addition, there are unscrupulous merchants that premise phosphogypsum, waste cement residue, etc. as superphosphate. Phosphogypsum has a light texture, feels cotton, and is relatively dry; the waste cement slag is heavier than superphosphate, the hand is not greasy, it is not dry, it is not dry, and there are hard cement particles.
Tip 7
Dissolve fertilizer samples in water
Nitrogen fertilizers such as urea, ammonium hydrogencarbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and calcium ammonium nitrate can all be dissolved in water. When the urea is dissolved, the temperature of the water is significantly lowered, and the hand touch has an ice hand feeling, and in the dissolution, it can be seen that the slow-dissolving particles are a translucent shell film. The dissolution of phosphate fertilizer is more complicated. The superphosphate is partially soluble in water residue; the heavy superphosphate is dissolved in water without residue or a small amount of residue; calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, steel slag phosphate fertilizer, phosphate rock powder and the like are insoluble in water. Commonly used potassium fertilizers are potassium chloride and potassium sulfate, both of which are soluble in water. The high-quality compound fertilizer has good water solubility. When the particles are immersed in water, it will diverge, dissolve or have a little residue, while the inferior compound fertilizer has poor solubility or does not dissolve at all. The compound fertilizer potassium nitrate, ammonium phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can all be dissolved in water. Slow-release fertilizers are not easily dissolved because of the special coating, but after the fertilizer coating is broken, the fertilizer inside is easily dissolved.
Tip eight
To invoice sample
You must ask for an invoice when you buy fertilizer. After the fertilizer is used up, it is necessary to keep the fertilizer bag and other packaging, and reserve 1 to 2 kg of fertilizer samples for future complaints. In the event of quality problems, it is necessary to negotiate with the seller of agricultural materials in a timely manner; if the negotiation cannot be resolved, it shall complain to the technical supervision departments at all levels, the administrative department of industry and the administrative department of agriculture, and coordinate with it; if the coordination is fruitful, it may sue in court. To protect their legitimate rights and interests.
National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center Zheng Lei Li Rong Farmer Daily
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Microscope Slides And Cover Slips
1. The glass slide is used to put the sample to be tested, and the cover glass is covered on the sample to be tested.
2. The glass slide is at the bottom, which is the carrier for the material you want to observe, that is, you want to put something on it.
3. The cover glass is smaller than the slide glass. The glass slide is mainly used to hold the observation objects. The cover glass is covered on the slide glass and used for fixing.
4. The glass slide is a thicker piece of glass in the transfer slide, which is used to carry the real object. The cover fragment is the small round or square thin one.
5. Mounting is a general term for a set of things, including slides, coverslips and loaded objects
6. The cover glass is square, the slide glass is rectangular, and the width is longer than the side of the cover glass.
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