The inspection methods are as follows:
Tensile test
On the tensile tester, the following results can be obtained by stretching the sample:
Yield point (yield strength)
Under the positional force of the stretching machine, the sample is bit lengthed. At the beginning, the elongation of the sample is proportional to the tensile force. When the tensile force is canceled, the sample shrinks to the original size. This deformation of the sample is called elastic deformation. After the tensile force is continuously increased, the sample continues to be elongated, but after the external force is canceled, the sample no longer shrinks to the original length, and the deformation is called plastic deformation. When the elastic deformation point is changed to plastic deformation, it is called the yield point, and its representative symbol is σb, and the unit is MPa or N/mm 2 .
tensile strength
In the above test, when the sample was plastically deformed, the tensile force continued to increase and the sample was finally pulled off. The force at this time is the tensile strength, and its representative symbol is σb, and the unit is MPa or N/mm 2 .
Elongation
In the above test, after the test is broken, the ratio of the original gauge length to the original gauge length is called the elongation, and the representative symbol is Ï„, and the unit is %.
Area shrinkage (or shrinkage)
After the sample is pulled off, the ratio of the necking of the section after the breakage to the original sectional area is measured, which is called the area shrinkage ratio, and its representative symbol is φ, and the unit is %.
Bending test
The sample is bent under hot or cold conditions, and the steel is bent at 90 degrees or 120 degrees to check the ability of the steel to withstand bending. Different steels have different requirements for bending angle and bending diameter.
Impact test
A method of measuring the toughness (or impact toughness) of steel. The sample is processed into a prescribed shape (there are different gaps at the beginning of the sample), and the hammer is oscillated on the testing machine to break the sample, which is called impact energy, and the symbol is Akv, and the unit is Joule, or J.
In addition, there are hardness tests, upsetting tests, and the like.
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