The hottest topic of offshore wind power is that the 5 million-kilowatt offshore wind power construction target in the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†of wind power is “affirmatively impossibleâ€. China's offshore wind power resources can develop up to 510 million kilowatts, but the current total grid-connected operation is less than 400,000 kilowatts, which is "poorly slow" compared to the annual increase of 15 million onshore wind power. In the next two and a half years, offshore wind power will need more than 4.6 million kilowatts to be put into operation to achieve its goal. “Even if the links are starting to take off, it is absolutely impossible.â€
At present, the preliminary work of 17 offshore wind power projects across the country has been approved by the National Energy Administration, with a total installed capacity of 3.95 million kilowatts, mainly distributed in Hebei (2), Jiangsu (7), Shanghai (2), Fujian ( 3), Guangdong (2), Zhejiang (1). In addition, there are 28 projects that are striving for the National Energy Administration to agree to carry out preliminary work with a total installed capacity of 8.5 million kilowatts.
In the face of this magnificent blueprint for offshore wind power planned by China, wind power developers are actively carrying out preparatory work for offshore wind power development. It is understood that after the successful completion of the first phase of Shanghai Donghai Bridge offshore wind power project, the second phase of the project is expected to start construction in the second half of this year. The total installed capacity of the project is 119,600 kilowatts.
At the same time, offshore wind farms face the dual challenges of cost and the environment. Current wind farms are mainly divided into onshore (including tidal flats) and offshore. Among them, offshore wind farms are further divided into intertidal zones and middle and deep sea areas. Relative to land, the major problems faced by offshore wind farms are high cost, complex environment, high reliability, and supporting measures for offshore power.
The escort of industrial policies is only one of the many favorable factors for the development and construction of offshore wind power. China’s abundant offshore wind power resources, close to eastern power load centers, and strong power absorption capacity, continue to reduce offshore wind power generation costs, etc., are all offshore wind power development. The driving force.
However, it is not an easy task to realize the “China offshore wind power dream†and it is necessary to break through bottlenecks such as technology, power grid support, planning and layout, and pricing policies.
First of all, the basic work of large-scale offshore wind power development in China is not yet fully ready. At present, the assessment of offshore wind energy resources in China has not yet been carried out systematically. Ocean hydrological surveys and submarine geological surveys are also weak. These early basic projects require large investment, difficult conditions, and long periods. The slow progress of basic work will inevitably affect The smooth progress of construction of offshore wind power projects.
Second, offshore wind power development has yet to make breakthroughs in technology. The development, construction, and operation of offshore wind power are more complex than onshore. In the design and manufacture of offshore wind turbines, the combined effects of offshore wind resource characteristics, currents, waves, tides, seabed conditions, and scouring must be taken into consideration. It is the development of offshore wind power that imposes higher requirements on wind power equipment to withstand the operational stability of wind and wind, and the corrosion resistance of equipment. At present, China's offshore wind power technology support is relatively weak, and large-capacity generating units suitable for offshore wind power construction are still in the experimental detection stage. At the same time, offshore wind power in China is still in its infancy and lacks engineering and technical experience. The design and construction of offshore wind turbines and research and trials are insufficient, and the level of power transmission from offshore substations and submarine cables is also low.
In addition to technical issues, the uncertainty of offshore wind power pricing policies has also severely constrained the development of offshore wind power. Most offshore wind farms in China are intertidal projects, which require the laying of submarine cables and the installation of transformers on land. The investment in these power transmission and transformation equipments is much larger than onshore wind farms of the same scale. Because it is far from the coast, the maintenance of offshore wind farms requires special equipment and transportation tools, all require additional investment, and the supporting components are mainly imported. At present, regardless of the construction cost or operating cost, offshore wind farms must be higher than land. Wind farms, so offshore wind projects require higher grid-connected electricity prices. However, at present, China has not yet formed a reasonable offshore wind power tariff policy. In the face of offshore wind projects with poor returns or uncertainties, it is difficult for wind farm operators to carry out continuous large-scale investment, resulting in restrictions on the advancement of offshore wind power projects.
Offshore wind power costs: approximately twice as much as wind power on land. The main costs of offshore wind power include wind turbines, installation costs, maintenance costs, support structures, power facilities, and project management. Compared to land costs, offshore wind power has higher foundation and maintenance costs. The proportion of wind turbines that accounted for 68% of land-based wind power has dropped to 33%, and the cost of foundations has risen to 24%, which is one of the major expenses for offshore wind turbines. Due to the large environmental variables faced, offshore wind power maintenance costs have also reached 23%. Maintenance and foundation costs have directly pushed up the cost of offshore wind power. The average cost of domestic wind power projects is 8,000 yuan per kilowatt, of which wind power equipment costs about 5,000 yuan per kilowatt. The construction cost of offshore wind power is around 20,000 yuan/kW, more than twice that of onshore wind power.
The UCF pillow block mounted bearing series has four bolt holes, and a set screw lock is designed for mounting onto bearing surfaces parallel to the shaft axis, such as conveyor belts. This ready-to-mount unit has solid base cast iron housing, chrome steel bearings, and is designed for efficient operation at a wide range of speeds. This one-piece pillow block housing allows for a stationary outer ring and rotating inner ring. Insert bearing maintains the separation between moving parts to reduce rotational friction, and to support radial and axial loads. The bearing is secured to the shaft with set screws to prevent slippage. This mounted bearing is used in food and beverage manufacturing, textile industry and many other industrial manufacturing.
Pillow blocks are usually referred to the housings which have a bearing fitted into them & thus the user need not purchase the bearings separately. Pillow blocks are usually mounted in cleaner environments & generally are meant for lesser loads of general industry. These differ from "plummer blocks" which are bearing housings supplied without any bearings & are usually meant for higher load ratings & corrosive industrial environments. However the terms pillow-block & plummer-block are used interchangeably in certain parts of the world.
However fundamental application of both types is the same which is to primarily mount bearings safely enabling their outer ring to be stationary while allowing rotation of the inner ring. The housing is bolted to a foundation through the holes in the base. Bearing housings are either split type or unsplit type. Split type housings are usually two piece housings where the cap and base can be detached. While certain series are one single piece housings. Various seals are provided to prevent dust and other contaminants from entering the housing. Thus the housing provides a clean environment for the expensive bearings to freely rotate hence increasing their performance and duty cycle.
Bearing housings are usually made of grey cast iron. However various different grades of metals can be used to manufacture the same.
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