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The use of cutting fluid, handling and corrosion protection of machine tools
Source: China Bearing Network Time: 2014-06-13
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1 Production of emulsion Water quality: The water used to make the emulsion is very important; the suitable hardness of water should be 50-200.
The emulsion made of hard water is often agile and layered; it is divided into many oils and water-insoluble soaps;
On the other hand, if the water quality is too soft, the foam can be increased. Therefore, the condition of the water quality should be known in advance when manufacturing the emulsion; if the water quality is too hard, it is necessary to pre-treat; it can be added to the water 0.1% to 0.3%. % sodium tripolyphosphate or sodium diethylamine tetraacetate; can play a role in reducing the hardness of water; the best use of deionized water.
Dilution: The dilution of the cutting fluid is related to the stability of the emulsion. Before the cutting fluid is used, the dilution fraction and the volume of the required emulsion should be determined first. Then calculate the amount of emulsion (stock solution) and the amount of water used.
The operation method is as follows: selecting a clean container; pouring all the required water into the container; then adding the emulsion liquid solution under low-speed mixing to manufacture the emulsion; the adding speed of the original liquid is not based on the unemulsified stock solution.
Special attention: the addition procedure of the emulsion stock solution and water can not be inverted; do not directly distribute the emulsion in the oil pool (tank) of the machine tool. In actual operation, we often see that the workers are very random when manufacturing the emulsion; When you see that there is less cutting fluid in the water tank, add water; add concentrated liquid; after mixing, you feel that the cutting fluid is not white; add concentrated liquid, it looks too thick and then add water; all of them are based on feelings. It's almost the same; it's the result of today's manufacturing share is 1:20; tomorrow may be 1:30; this will definitely have a serious impact on the cutting fluid attack.
The water-soluble cutting fluid is in the actual application process; the different processing methods have different requirements for the sliding and cooling. The rule is that the cutting load is larger; the smoothing demand is higher; the cutting fluid manufacturing concentration is relatively larger, processing The higher the speed, the more emphasis is placed on the cooling requirements; the cutting fluid manufacturing concentration is relatively lower.
Under normal conditions, the cutting load change rule is: grinding <turning <milling < broaching. The processing speed is just the opposite.
2 Continuous use because the cutting fluid application environment is open; and the usual cutting fluid composition has limited antibacterial function; therefore, it invents conditions for the invasion and reproduction of bacteria and microorganisms outside. Because the bacteria growing in the cutting fluid are mostly disgusting. Oxygen bacteria; therefore, the long-term stop of the cutting fluid does not necessarily constitute an oxygen-deficient environment conducive to the growth of bacteria; and the continuous use makes the oxygen in the air can be fully touched with the cutting fluid; then, to a certain extent, the growth of the bacteria is smashed. The use of cutting fluid is "not afraid of moving, it is afraid of static"; therefore, do not exceed three days.
3 The protection of the emulsion of the emulsion has two aspects; one is to prevent the mixing of external pollutants and timely eradication; the other is to maintain the stability of the water-soluble working fluid: such as concentration, rust resistance, pH value, Antibacterial ability.
Although the cutting fluid product usually has a certain antibacterial ability; however, some ingredients are the nutrition of bacteria and microorganisms; therefore, in the case of lack of antibacterial ability; the service life of the cutting fluid is limited. The various impurities are often cutting fluids. The origin of the smashing. For example: cigarette butts; tea; cotton yarn and other debris are thrown away in the basin; contaminated the cutting fluid; become the carrier and nutrient for the growth and reproduction of bacteria and microorganisms; therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the foreign body. Once the mixed person must be sorted out immediately.
In the case of basically no external foreign matter mixed; the material that pollutes the cutting fluid is mainly metal powder and gravel fine powder, floating oil and free water, microorganisms and reproductive substances, and the like.
Floating oil refers to the oil used in the machine tool transmission and hydraulic system because the machine tool seal does not strictly leak the oil of the cutting fluid system. The damage of the floating oil is to make the expansion of some materials of the cutting fluid system; disturb the emulsion balance of the emulsion; The emulsion loses stability and the floating oil often floats on the surface layer of the emulsion oil; it blocks the touch of the emulsion and the air; causes the emulsion to be deficient in oxygen; causes the anaerobic bacteria to rapidly multiply; accelerates the erosion and transformation of the emulsion.
4 In the application of cut section liquid and the countermeasures, when the emulsion changes from milky white to grayish brown; when there is a smashing odor, the fungicide should be added to kill the bacteria; or the emulsion can be replaced from the head. The bactericide is Sandan oil; the addition amount is about 0.1% to 0.2% (for the diluted emulsion); it has a significant effect on the application cycle of the extended emulsion.
Generally, phenolic fungicides are more toxic; they cause pollution to waste liquid discharge; they have been used less frequently.
pH (scale 1 to 14 broad-spectrum test strips): Under normal conditions, the pH should be between 8. 3 and 9. 2 (the detailed scale is based on the manufacturer's technical specifications). The pH of the different types of emulsion is Not the same. When the pH value is found to decrease, the rust prevention function of the emulsion will drop sharply. Therefore, a new cutting fluid or a pH increasing agent (such as sodium carbonate) should be added in time; the pH value is increased; the pH is adjusted. The value adheres to about 8. 3 to 9. 2. When the pH of the emulsion exceeds 9; the microorganism is difficult to reproduce.
Holidays should wait for a long time; air should be blown into the tank regularly to prevent the proliferation of anaerobic bacteria; together, the odor can be removed.
When injecting new liquid; remove all the chips and oil in the liquid supply system and the liquid supply system; and add new liquid after disinfection with fungicide; if it is not cleaned, it will be equivalent to throwing the smashed bacteria into the new liquid. .
5 Machine tool corrosion water-soluble cutting fluid has outstanding cooling function; but the damage to the machine tool is not neglected. The water in the water-soluble cutting fluid is a little bit of corrosion on the machine tool; the damage degree is gradually increased; Longer; it is difficult to attract the attention of the user. Even if it damages the degree of the attack; the user usually does not consider the problem of the cutting fluid and gives satisfactory attention. This accumulation of corrosion will lead to machining accuracy. The decline; then greatly shortens the service life of the machine; until it is invalid. The damage mainly has the following aspects:
The smooth function of the water is not good; and it can wash away the smooth oil on the machine and the grease of the sealed bearing.
Corrosive metal appearance; water-soluble cutting fluid, although added with anti-corrosion components; but only useful for the workpiece to be processed; has little effect on the machine tool. The function of the anti-corrosion agent is to maximize the chemical passivation of the workpiece appearance. Time; because of the transpiration of water in the cutting fluid; the relative humidity of the air in the machine working area is as high as 100%; when the machine stops working; the moisture in the air condenses in the metal appearance of the machine tool; the corrosion of the machine tool is difficult to prevent.
The water in the water-soluble cutting fluid is an electrolyte; the machine with different internal data can become a potential “batteryâ€. When the water-soluble cutting fluid infiltrates, the water in the cutting fluid can make the touch of each other different. Electrochemical erosion of metal; electric erosion can cause rust; lighter affects the accuracy of machine tools; operation is difficult, heavy machine tools can not be used.
The bacteria in the water-soluble cutting fluid is another cause of seizure corrosion; together, the corrosion can be accelerated. The bacteria content in the cutting fluid is high; the chemical function of the anti-corrosion agent in the cutting fluid can be modified; it is invalid; The proliferation of bacteria can cause the onset of corrosion; the corrosion rate between machine parts is significantly increased. If the water used to dilute the cutting concentrate is poor, it is rich in minerals; then the ability to attack corrosion is also Will be greatly added.
The cutting fluid also acts on the elastomer such as the ring; the gasket; the seal ring.
6 Corrosion control and elimination are obvious; the use of water-soluble cutting fluid; users must work harder on machine protection and handling; to control the onset of corrosion; and even to eliminate corrosion.
In order to prevent the water from corroding the metal surface; the machine should always be oily and smooth; the important parts of the machine tool should be greased.
Accurately control the concentration of the cutting fluid; when the machine is shut down; use the cutting fluid to clean the surface of the machine; and open the machine cover; to disperse the humid air in the machine working area.
In order to prevent the occurrence of electric corrosion; a layer of waterproof and smooth grease should be applied to the metal surface. The machine should be grounded strictly; it is not possible to ground the electrical cabinet only; to prevent the proliferation and reproduction of bacteria; Cutting fluid; remove chips in a timely manner; and dilute the cutting concentrate with soft water (pure water with low mineral content).
In foreign countries; some developed countries are in the choice of water-soluble metal cutting fluids; in the satisfaction of the needs of the cutting process; more attention to their personal well-being damage, waste disposal and inductive costs, etc.阒鸾ケ 诮鹗 诮鹗 诮鹗 诮鹗 诮鹗 邓 邓 邓 邓 邓 邓.
The water-soluble cutting fluid can be properly protected during the operation; not only can the best cutting effect be achieved; but also the service life of the water-soluble cutting fluid can be greatly extended; the waste liquid discharge can be reduced; and then the maximum economic benefit can be obtained.
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