On November 27th, 2009, the Ministry of Agriculture approved the safety certificates for two types of genetically modified rice and one type of genetically modified corn. Professor Zhang Jihua and colleagues at the Huazhong Agricultural University obtained two safety certificates for genetically modified rice. This is the first time China has issued a security certificate for GM rice.
However, the recent debate over the safety of genetically modified rice has sparked a controversy.
Relevant scholars questioned the uncertainty of the advantages of genetically modified rice. They believe that the use of GM rice seeds is aimed at high yields and resistance to pests and diseases, but many reports at home and abroad show that this expectation is uncertain and will lead to greater side effects. They also pointed out that the greater concern lies in the irreversibility of the commercial production of genetically modified rice, that is, large-scale production will inevitably bring about pollution of rice seeds. Once people discover the defects of genetically modified rice and wish to switch to the original rice seeds of China, The original rice seed may have disappeared due to pollution.
In response, the Ministry of Agriculture responded and affirmed several advantages of transgenic rice, including genetically modified cotton:
The first is to reduce the pest damage and improve the ecological environment of agriculture. Global R&D and application of genetically modified technologies have shown that the planting of transgenic crops such as insect-resistant and herbicide-resistant crops not only has significant effects in increasing crop yields, but also shows great advantages in improving agricultural ecological environment.
The second is to reduce production costs and increase farmers' income. Due to the advantages of new transgenic varieties such as increased yield, higher prices, and lower consumption, the farmers of global GM crops have accumulated a net profit of US$34 billion, and farmers have increased their income by about 25%. China's cotton farmers have also increased their income by 130 yuan per mu since planting genetically modified cotton, accumulatively increasing farmers' income by more than 20 billion yuan.
The third is to expand the industrial form and increase the added value of products. At present, functional and therapeutic GM foods, GMO energy, and environmentally friendly products have been successfully developed. Some GM drugs are on the market, and the GM varieties are being improved from simple traits to complex traits, from the agricultural field to medicine, processing, energy, and environmental protection. Field development and other directions.
The Ministry of Agriculture also introduced that the safety evaluation is divided into five phases: experimental research, intermediate tests, environmental release, production tests, and application for security certificates. Approved by the safety assessment of the safety committee and approved by the Ministry of Agriculture, the applicants carried out intermediate tests on genetically modified rice from 1999 to 2000, carried out environmental releases from 2001 to 2002, carried out productive tests from 2003 to 2004, and applied for genetically modified organisms in 2004. Rice production application safety certificate. In addition to the technical data provided by the applicants, according to the evaluation opinion of the Safety Committee, from 2004 to 2008, the Genetically Modified Organisms Safety Inspection Agency of the Ministry of Agriculture conducted a review of the molecular characteristics, environmental safety and some indicators of food safety of genetically modified rice. In August 2009, it issued the production and application safety certificates of “Huahui No. 1†and “Bt Gaoyou 63†in Hubei Province.
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