Powdery mildew is a worldwide disease that occurs on many important crops and is highly harmful and difficult to control. The fungus of the ascomycete Yamen powdery mildew can cause powdery mildew, and there are many kinds of pathogens. The conidia can germinate at temperatures up to 10-30 °C, and the humidity requirements are not high. Under normal conditions, an infection cycle can be completed in 10 days; thus, the crop can be repeatedly infected in a growing season. Once the characteristics of rapid outbreaks occur, especially in the greenhouse greenhouse cultivation environment, it will cause irreparable huge losses to agricultural production.
At present, the domestic single-agents registered on powdery mildew include 26 varieties such as triadimefon, ether oxystrobin, flusilazole, difenoconazole and myclobutanil, and 109 varieties are compounded. The continuous introduction of these agents has at least two points:
(1) The history of prevention and treatment of powdery mildew is a history of continuous renewal of a drug. The rapid development of resistance has caused many excellent fungicides to lose their application value.
(2) Explain that many of these medicines have their own limitations. No one is generally accepted and widely used by all distributors and farmers.
Domestic powdery mildew prevention and treatment agents have experienced the following three stages:
The first stage: represented by sulfur, stone sulfur mixture, methyl thiophanate, mancozeb and other broad-spectrum fungicides, the amount of powdery mildew is large, the control effect is about 60%; Powdery mildew has almost no therapeutic effect and is mainly used for pre-clinical protection. At the same time, sulfur preparations are not sensitive to many vegetables and fruits.
The second stage: triazole series fungicides represented by triazolone (pustrin), myclobutanil, diniconazole, difenoconazole, flusilazole, etc., activity against powdery mildew than the first generation fungicide There is a big increase. However, such compounds have a single site of action on pathogens. The pathogen has cross-resistance to the agent. At the same time, the compounds are irritating to plants, and a slightly larger amount inhibits plant growth and reduces yield. The effectiveness of this type of medicament is basically 70-80%, and the effect is general.
The third stage: the new compound species represented by imported ether oxystrobin, the mechanism of action is unique, the action site is more, the treatment of powdery mildew is higher, the effect can reach more than 90%; however, due to the long-term continuous in recent years in China Use, has produced significant resistance, the effect has decreased, and the cost of imported pharmaceuticals is too high. It is difficult for Chinese farmers to accept.
Due to the above various factors, how to effectively prevent and control powdery mildew has become a headache for farmers, which has greatly affected the increase in production and income of agriculture. Our company has always believed that a good product that can be recognized by farmers' friends should be efficient, safe and economical. In order to solve the practical problems of farmers' friends, our company has carried out a large number of targeted investigations through comprehensive and in-depth market research. Screening and experimental research, finally successfully launched a new compound for the treatment of powdery mildew, ethyl cumene, after the demonstration of the use of large-scale planters across the country, where the response is particularly enthusiastic. It is currently the most excellent special agent for the prevention and control of powdery mildew, and the effect is up to the level of the imported product “Cuibeiâ€. This is the evaluation and voice of farmers from the front of the planting field.
The market significance of the development of ethylpyrrolol is mainly reflected in the following three points:
(1) Efficient new compounds, new mechanism of action, protection of systemic treatment, eradication of powdery mildew, recommended doses of more than 90%.
(2) It is highly safe for crops and can promote crop growth. There are no various safety problems caused by other products such as inhibiting growth and development, leaf fruit malformation, seed setting rate, and phytotoxicity. This product is still safe for delicate strawberries.
(3) The ratio of economic input to output is high, and the quality of imported products is lower than the price of imports. Not only is it guaranteed, but it can also increase revenue.
Excellent performance:
1. Innovative and unique composition The unique structure of acetazol is novel and unique. As a compound with excellent performance, it was first developed by ICI Company of the United Kingdom in 1968. It has been used as a master of powdery mildew prevention in Europe and other countries.
From the molecular structure of acetaminophen, it is a heterocyclic fungicide. The heterocyclic bactericide is a hot spot in the development of chemical pesticides, especially heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms. Heterocyclic compounds have four distinct advantages:
The first advantage is that it is less toxic to human and animal warm-blooded animals; it is safer for birds and fish;
The second advantage is that the drug has good efficacy, especially for the killing effect of mycelium and conidia;
The third advantage is that the amount is small;
The fourth advantage is that it is easily degraded in the environment, and some also promotes crop growth.
2, excellent drug efficacy after two years and five places in Shandong, Jiangxi, Hunan, Beijing, Zhejiang test, 25% acetaminophen suspension 800-1000 times liquid treatment of cucumber powdery mildew effect is significant, sprayed in the early stages of disease, each Once every 7 days, even spraying 2-3 times, can effectively control the occurrence of cucumber powdery mildew, and the growth of cucumber is safe. Since 2005, acetaminophen has been in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Northeast and other places. Various crops and flowers have been demonstrated and promoted. The results show that acetaminophen has achieved excellent control effects on the control of vegetables, fruits and flowers.
In Shanghai, 25% acetaminophen was used to control cucumber powdery mildew , and the control effects of 1000 times solution and 800 times solution of acetaminophen reached 90.47% and 92.12%, respectively. In Shaoxing, Zhejiang and other places, 25% acetaminophen was used to control strawberry powdery mildew, and its 1000-fold liquid and 800-fold liquid control effects were 91.52% and 93.86%, respectively. In Yunnan and other places, 25% acetaminophen was used to control melon powdery mildew, and its 1000-fold liquid and 800-fold liquid control effects were 90.17% and 93.75%, respectively.
Acetaminophen, in addition to special effects on crops and flower powdery mildew, has good control effects on diseases such as legume rust, red spot disease, and banana leaf spot disease.
3. Mechanism of action The unique effect of ethylpyrrolol on powdery mildew of various crops is very good, mainly determined by its special mechanism of action. First, after contact with pathogenic bacteria, acetaminophen has a very strong killing effect on mycelium, conidia, and fertilized silk, and can strongly inhibit the formation of spores, blocking the source of re-infection of pathogens. way. Different from the general fungicide can only kill the spores of pathogenic bacteria, the effect of acetaminophen on powdery mildew is many. Therefore, the bactericidal effect of acetaminophen is more comprehensive and more thorough. Secondly, acetaminophen has protective and therapeutic functions. The use of acetaminophen before or at the onset of the disease can protect the unaffected crop from the infection of powdery mildew. For crops that have already developed disease, ethylpyrrolol can play a very good therapeutic role, can eliminate pathogens that have invaded plants, and can significantly inhibit the spread of pathogens.
4, excellent internal absorption performance Ethyl phenol has a very good systemic conductivity, can be absorbed by the leaves and roots, resulting in a systemic protection. When acetaminophen is used for seed dressing, the active ingredient can be absorbed by the roots of the plant and spread to various parts of the plant, thereby protecting the whole crop. If ethylpyrrolidone is sprayed onto the leaves, the active ingredient can be absorbed into the new leaves by the leaves to prevent the disease from spreading to the new leaves.
Thus, acetaminophen has therapeutic and protective effects throughout the growth phase.
5. Good safety In the past, in the process of controlling strawberry powdery mildew , farmers often reported that after the use of difenoconazole, the plants in the middle and late growth period were dwarfed; after using flusilazole to control strawberry powdery mildew, The number of deformed fruits in the field has increased significantly. The use of 25% acetaminophen aqueous suspension did not have any adverse effects on strawberry growth, and the plants grew normally after application.
In the prevention and control of cucumber powdery mildew, there are many problems in the familiar powder rust. For example, in the "Agricultural Technology Extension Service" and "Vegetables", vegetable experts clearly pointed out that: powder rust can not be used on melon vegetables, because powder rust will seriously inhibit the growth of melons, and the growth of melons is particularly slow within 30 days after use. Directly affect economic benefits.
Acetaminophen is not only safe for crops, but also has no adverse effects on biological activities such as insects and natural enemies such as bees.
25% of acetaminophen aqueous suspension was applied in various provinces for three consecutive years, and no reports of malformation and dwarf caused by this were found. Ethyl acetol can give users complete peace of mind in terms of safety.
At the on-site meeting of the application technology of acetaminophen in May 2006, experts from all over the world gave full affirmation to the safety of acetaminophen.
6. It is not easy to produce drug-resistant ethylpyrrolol, which has obvious effects on the action mechanism of conventional drugs such as triazole fungicides. It is used for the first time in China and has no cross-resistance.
After more than 30 years of use abroad, acetaminophen has been consistently low in resistance.
7. Promote crop growth Ethyl pyrphenol can significantly promote crop growth. After using ethylpyrrolidone, we can also find a phenomenon in which the leaves of the field crops are dark green, smooth and thick. This is mainly because the heterocyclic ring of the molecular structure of acetaminophen contains nitrogen atoms, which is beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients by photosynthesis, can significantly promote the growth of crops, especially to significantly increase the yield of fruits; and, after the use of acetaminophen, the sale of fruits Very good.
The solution of acetaminophen can be completely absorbed by the leaves without leaving any surface residue.
On the one hand, this phenomenon indicates that the suspension rate of one of the main indicators of acetaminophen suspension is quite high. On the other hand, it also shows that the use of 25% acetaminophen suspension in production has practical significance for reducing the surface pesticide residues of agricultural products.
Control technology:
Strawberry powdery mildew Strawberry powdery mildew is one of the important diseases of strawberries. It can occur in the whole growing season of strawberry. The seedling quality causes the quality of the seedling to decrease, and it is not easy to survive after transplantation. The fruit seriously affects the quality of the strawberry after the disease, resulting in a decrease in the yield. Under suitable conditions, it can develop rapidly, spread into disasters, and suffer serious losses.
Strawberry powdery mildew mainly affects leaves, petioles, flowers, pedicels and fruits. Infected with leaves, a thin white mycelium layer grows on the back of the leaves at the beginning of the disease. As the condition worsens, the leaves curl upwards in a spoon shape and produce dark stains of varying sizes. The lesions gradually expand and are on the back of the leaves. Produces a thin layer of white powder like a cream. When severe, multiple lesions are connected into a piece, which can cover the whole leaf; later, it is reddish-brown lesion, leaf margin is atrophy, scorch, flower bud, flower infection, petal Pink, flower buds can not be opened. If the fruit is infected, the young fruit can not expand normally and dry up; if it is damaged in the later stage, the fruit surface is covered with a layer of white powder. As the disease worsens, the fruit loses its luster and hardens, and the coloration deteriorates, seriously affecting the quality of the berries and losing the value of the commodity.
The optimum temperature for infection of bacteria is 15-25 °C, and the relative humidity is above 80%. The annual incidence of strawberry powdery mildew in protected areas is from late February to early May and from late 10 to December. The sensitive growth period of strawberry is from fruit setting to late harvest, and the incubation period is 5-10 days. The cultivation of protected land is earlier than that of the strawberry cultivated in the open field, which has a long time of harm and is seriously damaged. The planting density is too large, the management is extensive, the ventilation and light transmission conditions are poor, and the plant growth is weak, which may lead to the aggravation of powdery mildew. When the high temperature and drought and the high temperature and high humidity alternate during the growth of the strawberry, the disease is aggravated.
Prevention and treatment methods; (1) Selection of disease-resistant varieties to cultivate disease-free and strong seedlings. Different strawberry varieties have large differences in resistance to powdery mildew. (2) Strengthen cultivation management. The seedlings should be cleaned before planting; during the growth period of the strawberries, the old leaves and diseased fruits should be removed and destroyed in a concentrated manner; the conditions of good ventilation and light transmission should be maintained, the drainage should be timely after the rain, the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened, and the robust plants should be cultivated. (3) Control of fungicides . The flowering period of flowering stems before flowering of openland strawberries and the cultivation of protected areas from October to November and the spring and spring of March-March are the key periods for prevention. In the early stage of the disease, 25% ethylpyrrolidone suspension was used, and the main focus was sprayed at the center of the disease and every 7 to 10 days, and the prevention and treatment was continued for 2 to 3 times.
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