Our country mainly diversifies its utilization of low-temperature geothermal resources

Geothermal resources in China can be divided into three types according to their attributes: 1 High-temperature (>150°C) convective geothermal resources. These resources are mainly distributed in Tibet, modern volcanic regions of Tengchong, and Taiwan. The former two belong to the Mediterranean tropical east. In part, Taiwan is located in the tropical Pacific Ocean. 2Medium-temperature (90-150°C) and low-temperature (<90°C) convective geothermal resources are mainly distributed in the coastal areas such as Guangdong, Fujian, and Hainan; 3 Medium and low-temperature conduction geothermal resources, and these resources are distributed in the middle and senior high schools. On behalf of large and medium-sized sedimentary basins such as North China, Songliao, Sichuan, and Erdos. Such resources are often in the same basin as oil and gas or other mineral resources such as coal. The above three types of geothermal resources are distributed in different regions of China and are closely related to the geology-tectonic background of the region.

First, high-temperature geothermal resources are mainly used for power generation

Currently, geothermal power plants with an installed capacity of 25.18 MW have been built in Yangbajing Thermal Field, Tibet. Since there is a lack of traditional energy sources such as oil and gas and coal in Tibet, and high-temperature geothermal resources are quite abundant, they have to solve local energy supply problems. Great effect. The Yangbajing geothermal power station installed a total of 25.18MW in the 14 years from 1977 to 1991, and the last 3MW unit was put into operation in early 1991. Since 1993, the annual power generation has been maintained at around 100 million kWh. As of May 2002, the total amount of geothermal power generated by Yangbajing reached 1.6 billion kWh, and the average annual operation time of the power station was 4300 hrs (Yangbajing Geothermal Power Plant Production Section, 2002). . The power of Lhasa in Yangbajing geothermal power station is 41% throughout the year and over 60% in winter. The other two smaller geothermal power stations have also been built in Langjiu and Nagqu. Their installed capacity is 2MW and 1MW respectively, which also plays a significant role in the local economic development. According to estimates, the potential for electricity generation in the Tibetan Plateau is 5,817.65 MW. Table 1 Installation Capacity of Geothermal Power Stations in China's Mainland Location Name Number of Units Installed Capacity/MW Tibet Yangbajing 925.18 Nagqu 11 Langjiu 22 Continuing Table Location Name Number of Units Installed Capacity /MW Guangdong Fengshun 10.3 Hunan Gray Soup 10.3 Total 28.78

Second, low-temperature geothermal resources are mainly used for non-electrical direct use

Such as heating, refrigeration, aquaculture, tourism and convalescence. In the 1990s, with the increasing awareness of environmental protection in the world, China’s geothermal boom has brought about a surge in direct use. Especially in the cold, high-latitude north-north (northeast, north, northwest) regions, geothermal heating (heating and domestic water consumption has been increased ) The main development efforts. The implementation of this work not only reduces the emission of a large number of harmful substances, but also can achieve significant economic benefits. As of the end of 1999, the hot water flow for non-electrical direct use was 64,416 L/s, which is equivalent to providing 162009 MJ of thermal energy each year. This figure shows that China’s direct use of geothermal energy ranks first in the world. The geothermal heating in the country was 190×104m2 in 1990 and increased to 1100×104m2 in 2000. It is mainly located in Tanggu, Hangu and Dagang in Tianjin in North China. There are more than 50 geothermal wells, some of which have a maximum flow of 300m3/h, a maximum water temperature of 97°C, and a heating area of ​​80.5×104m2. The geothermal heating area in North China is 131.38×104m2. Tianjin, Xi'an, and other places are using heat pump technology and other forms of demonstration projects and gradually promote it. The western provinces of Yunnan, Tibet, Xinjiang, Sichuan, and Shaanxi are embarking on the development of local geothermal tourism resources to add new varieties and new economic growth points for the development of the tourism industry. According to incomplete statistics, more than 200 geothermal hot spring sanatoriums have been built nationwide. With the development of tourism, this number is still growing. The southeast coastal areas use geothermal heat for cooling and drying while developing tourism. The geothermal greenhouse area in the country currently exceeds 100×104m2, of which 22% is in Hebei Province. There are 17 provinces and territories in the country that are producing geothermal water. The area of ​​the fish ponds is 160×104 m2, of which Guangdong and Fujian mainly farmed catfish and exported to Japan and other regions. What needs to be particularly pointed out is that with the development and adoption of heat pump technology, medium and low-temperature hot water is developing in a healthy manner in the direction of scale and industrialization. Especially in Beijing to protect the environment and the "Green Olympics" in 2008, geothermal energy will be used more widely as a "green" energy source. As of the end of 1999, China's geothermal heat directly used installed capacity of 2282 MWt, with an annual output of 10,531 GWh, ranking first among 58 geothermally directly-utilized countries in the world.

Third, the conclusion

China is a country dominated by low- and medium-temperature geothermal resources. In the past 10 years, the direct utilization of geothermal energy has increased at a rate of 10% per year. Currently, the output of direct use of equipment installed capacity ranks first in the world. Geothermal power generation has not increased capacity for 10 years, but Yangbajing geothermal power station still plays a decisive role in the Lhasa power grid.

For the 21st century, the development of geothermal resources in China is mainly direct use. Geothermal resources in large and medium-sized cities should be given priority as detailed exploration and key development zones. Urban geothermal heating and geothermal tourism are the first choices for development projects to promote geothermal energy. Comprehensive utilization. In 2000, geothermal heating accounted for 35% of geothermal direct use types, and geothermal tourism accounted for 42%. It can be seen that the above two are the main development priorities for direct geothermal utilization in the world today.

International energy experts generally believe that new energy and renewable energy are energy that will be rapidly developed in the 21st century. China is rich in geothermal resources. It should seize this opportunity to actively protect the environment, save energy, accelerate the development of geothermal energy, and make positive contributions to the energy industry and environmental protection in China and even the world.