Wheat scab, alias wheat ear, rotten wheat head, and red wheat head, is one of the main diseases of wheat. This fungal disease is very serious in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China and the Sanjiang Plain in the northeast. In recent years, it has developed into the Huanghuai wheat area. On the one hand, the disease causes white ears, reduces 1000-grain weight, and affects yield. On the other hand, the toxins secreted by the bacteria are harmful to the human body and limit the edible value. The grain rate is higher than 4%. Can not be acquired.
Experts from the Ministry of Agriculture predict that the wheat scab in 2017 will continue to be in a pandemic situation in the Yangtze River Basin, Jianghuai and Huanghuai wheat areas, and the situation of prevention and control is grim. Remind farmers to understand the causes of wheat scab and master the six principles of prevention and control of scab.
1 Understand the cause of wheat scab
First, the wheat scab can only infect some florets during the flowering and filling stages of wheat, and then spread to the whole ear. The pink mold produced on the diseased ear can spread the disease, but the effect is not great. What really causes disease is a spread called ascospores, which are produced from the remains of the last year, including diseased wheat ears, rice stumps and corn stover. In recent years, scab has increased in the north, possibly related to the wheat-corn rotation system.
Second, scab is a typical climatic disease. Only when there is rainy weather in the grain filling stage of wheat, and there are a lot of germs (ascospores) in the air, the disease can happen. Due to the large number of pathogens that occur every year, the weather from wheat heading to filling, especially the amount of rainfall and rainfall, determines the severity of scab.
2 Master the six principles of prevention and control of scab
2.1 Accurate judgment, no experience
The occurrence of wheat scab is related to the amount of bacteria, the resistance of wheat varieties, the number of rain days during heading and flowering, rainfall, and relative humidity in the field.
In the rainy season of wheat heading and flowering, if there is a rainy weather with a certain amount of precipitation for more than 3 consecutive days, it can cause a pandemic of wheat scab. Rainfall for more than 3 days and rainfall of more than 12 mm is very conducive to the release and infestation of the sporozoite spores.
The disease resistance of wheat varieties, the dense density of wheat seedlings, the depression of the field, and the relative humidity of the air are over 80%, which may also cause a wheat scab. Therefore, in the prevention and control of wheat scab, it is impossible to do things with experience. To correctly judge the cause of the disease, we can thoroughly prevent and cure wheat scab.
2.2 Grasp the timing, don't miss the best medication period
According to years of prevention and control practices, the best time to control wheat scab should be the best when the wheat is between 5% and 5%.
Do not be too rigid in the best prevention and control period, but also pay attention to the following situations:
1 The temperature at the heading stage is high, and the wheat is swayed by the ear, and the spray can be sprayed at the heading stage. 2 The temperature at the heading stage is low, the sunshine is small, and the wheat is first taken after the heading, and it is suitable to spray at the beginning of the wheat. 3 When the heading period encounters rainy weather, when the scab is likely to be popular, spray it should not be late, do not wait until the weather is fine or when spraying, then spray the spray repeatedly to prevent and control. 4 If the drug with good systemic and long-lasting effect is sprayed, it can be prevented from reaching the heading stage.
2.3 Selecting the medicinal agent, rotating the drug to slow down the drug resistance
There are dozens of agents for controlling wheat scab, and the principles should be followed in scientific selection. It is necessary to pay attention to the compatibility of the agents and the complementary mechanisms of action. Pay attention to the correct use of different mechanisms of action, mixed drugs or alternate medications, to ensure that the drugs used have multiple effects of systemic treatment, protection and eradication, and prevent disease spread in all directions.
Cyanide, tebuconazole, prochloraz and other pharmaceutical preparations and their compound preparations should be preferred. Especially in areas where the pathogens such as the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Jianghuai have developed resistance to carbendazim, it is necessary to use more bacteria. Spirit and its compound preparation. It can be replaced with fungicides such as tebuconazole and prochloraz.
At the same time, try to use rain-resistant ultra-fine powder, suspending agent and other dosage forms; pay attention to the rotation of drugs, the second prevention and treatment should be selected with the first prevention and treatment of different mechanisms of action to delay the development of resistance, improve control effects, reduce fungi Toxin contamination.
2.4 Spray the part and master the reasonable amount of spray
Spray the needle to grasp the position of the ear and the amount of spray.
It is recommended to use self-propelled wide-format application machines, drones, hot fog machines, motorized misters, electric sprayers and other application machines. Stretcher sprayers should be avoided as much as possible. Use a small-aperture nozzle spray as much as possible, and add the corresponding functional additives to ensure the proper droplet size and uniform distribution of the liquid. The spray of the mobile mist spray machine should be controlled within 2/3; the hot fog machine should be used with the stabilizer; the drone, especially the multi-rotor drone, should be added with a settling agent.
The amount of spray should be reasonable. If the amount of water used is too small, it is difficult to mix the pharmacy and it is not conducive to the effect of the drug. The correct method is to ensure that the water consumption per mu should be between 45 and 60 liters under the premise of ensuring the dosage of the acre. It is better to add the anti-drilling agent when dispensing.
2.5 Strengthen prevention and control, master the number of medications
In the specific prevention and control process, we must pay attention to a lot of changes, according to the amount of bacteria source, weather conditions, chemical control effects and other factors to determine the number of prevention and control. If the disease is mild, you can spray it once. For the plots that have been severely affected in previous years, it is necessary to carry out the second prevention and treatment. After the first spray, check the effect in time. If the effect is not good, spray the second dose in time. In addition, in case of rain after spraying, it is necessary to make up the spray in time after the rain.
2.6 Grasp the key points and stick to the multi-effect
The wheat earing stage is a promising period for a variety of diseases and insects in wheat, and it is also a critical period for prevention and control. Should focus on the prevention and control of wheat scab, adapt to local conditions, rational selection and scientific mixing of anti-control agents, and take into account the prevention and control of major pests such as larvae, mites, stripe rust and powdery mildew. At the same time, pay attention to the combination of disease prevention and control of pests and control of Wang and anti-aging, mixing of medicines and fertilizers, and weight gain by preservation.
Once again, the majority of farmers are reminded that scab must not be taken lightly.
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