Mineral elements are nutrients that maintain the normal growth and metabolism of livestock and poultry. Insufficient supply of feed can seriously affect the normal development of the body and even cause deficiency. In livestock, pigs are most prone to malnutrition.
1. Classification of mineral elements. Mineral elements account for about 4% of the total volume in animals such as livestock. According to the proportion of mineral elements in the body, it can be divided into constant mineral elements and trace mineral elements. Among them, less than 0.01% of the body weight is a trace mineral element. Although trace minerals account for a small proportion in the body, they have a variety of important physiological and biochemical functions. If the effective content of trace elements in the diet does not meet the normal needs of pigs, the appetite, feed utilization, and bone of the pigs Mineralization, production performance, etc. will be affected.
Second, the role of trace minerals in pig nutrition. Iron: iron plays an important role in many biochemical reactions, it exists in many enzymes that transport electrons, is essential for the activation and transport of oxygen, iron is hemoglobin in vivo, Myoglobin and many oxidase components are important for the metabolism of cells and cells in pigs, protein metabolism, and maintaining pig health and preventing anemia. The sensitivity of iron is that piglets in the lactation stage are prone to iron deficiency anemia, so a sufficient amount of iron must be added to the feed. The data indicate that piglets in different cycles require different amounts of iron: 70.3 mg for 1 week old piglets; 111.6 mg for 2 weeks old piglets; 170.2 mg for 3 week old piglets; 230.4 mg for 4 week old piglets 5-week-old piglets require 294.3 mg.
Copper: Copper is essential for cell respiration, cardiac function, bone formation, connective tissue development, tissue keratinization, and pigment deposition. Copper plays a catalytic role in the synthesis of hemoglobin, which promotes iron absorption and utilization and blood. The formation of anemia; copper deficiency can also cause anemia, red blood cell life is shortened. When pigs are deficient in copper, bone dysplasia is often found and fractures are prone to occur. When the copper content in the diet is 6mg/kg, it can meet the demand of suckling piglets. When the copper content in the diet reaches 15mg, it can meet the normal needs of growing pigs.
Numerous studies have shown that high doses of copper have the effect of stimulating pig growth and improving feed utilization. Feeding 250 mg/kg of copper can increase pig daily gain by 9.1% and feed utilization by 7.4%. However, long-term use of high-copper diets can cause copper poisoning in pigs, which can damage the liver and kidney function of pigs.
Zinc: Zinc is a component of many enzymes and hormones. Zinc is also involved in the production of keratin proteins and the synthesis of nucleic acids and collagen in the skin. It is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. It maintains the integrity of the immune system, exchanges of cations and cations, and maintenance. The normal va concentration in plasma is critical.
The lack of zinc in the feed can lead to metabolic disorders, loss of appetite, and stagnant growth. According to relevant information, the daily demand for zinc in weaned piglets: 25mg of 3kg-5kg; 50mg of 2kg-10kg; 40mg-170mg/kg for growing pigs; 80mg-100mg/kg for sows. Manganese: Manganese is a component of some enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. It promotes the metabolism of ca, p and bone. The lack of manganese can lead to skeletal malformation, increased fat deposition, reproductive disorders and milk production. cut back.
It has been shown that the addition of organic manganese to the feed can reduce the amount of fat deposited and increase the lean meat content of the pig carcass. The maximum limit of manganese in the feed is generally not more than 400 mg.
Tin: Tin is an essential element for maintaining the normal function of the cell membrane, promoting the growth of the body, and increasing the immunity of the body. It helps the absorption of ve in the body and has a synergistic effect with ve. Therefore, the lack of tin can cause the cells to be easily oxidized and increase the ve. Demand.
Therefore, it is usually necessary to add an appropriate amount of tin to the feed of the pig at each stage. Many tests have shown that when the diet contains tin 0.1mg-0.3mg/kg, it can meet the normal needs of pigs, increase weight gain and production performance, and improve feed utilization.
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