Technological developments Recently, at the "2018 International Symposium on Future Information and Communication Technologies" hosted by the FuTURE Promotion Committee, 5G was once again the core topic. The three operators each introduced new progress and innovative exploration results in 5G networks and applications.
China Mobile's 5G network needs to strengthen management capabilities, and cloud VR services have been thoroughly explored
"5G holding AI will become an inevitable trend, and China Mobile has begun extensive attempts in the field of cloud VR." Huang Yuhong, vice president of China Mobile Research Institute, said that 5G holding AI will become an inevitable trend. AI can improve network operation and maintenance efficiency, reduce operating costs, mine data value, and open network capabilities. 5G smart network is an important infrastructure guarantee to enable smart economy and smart society.
China Mobile believes that the vision of 5G smart networks is perception as data, intelligence as and network as service. China Mobile is committed to implementing a new 5G end-to-end smart architecture, which will realize terminal ubiquity, network virtualization, computing marginalization, comprehensive intelligence, and open capabilities. China Mobile will work on smart terminals, smart network elements, smart network management, and smart platforms.
In terms of the new ecology, China Mobile has set up 18 open laboratories across the country based on the 5G Joint Innovation Center, with 255 partners, focusing on nine vertical industries.
In terms of industrial alliances, China Mobile promoted the establishment of the ORAN alliance. There are currently 15 seats on the board of directors and eight working groups set up, covering four directions, namely network intelligence, open interface, open source software, and white box hardware.
In terms of 5G smart network cloud VR business operations, China Mobile has launched extensive attempts. Based on the 5G smart network, it provides end-to-end new perception, new capabilities, and new ecology for cloud VR services. On the VR terminal side, data such as the user's head posture and user input are monitored, and on the network side, the network KPI, network element load, and routing information are monitored. In terms of new capabilities, VR business intelligence optimization is performed on the VR network side; in the new ecology, a cloud VR business industry ecosystem is built to encourage education, industry, medical care and other industries to enrich and share characteristic applications and scenarios in this field to fully realize cloud VR business management.
China Telecom's 5G wireless network sharing is currently not feasible
"The world is generally optimistic about 5G and is constantly expanding new space for the development of the digital economy. In addition, through the current test results, it seems that 5G wireless network sharing is not feasible." Shen Shaoai, deputy general manager of China Telecom Technology Department, summarized China Telecom's 5G test Progress and future development plans.
Large-scale antenna is an important means to make up for 5G coverage
In terms of testing, China Telecom continues to promote SA testing and promote technological innovation. China Telecom's 5G Joint Open Laboratory has built a 5G model network based on the operator's independent control of the open platform. Equipment manufacturers only need to bring 5G core network function software and base station equipment into the field to carry out 5G SA testing.
However, 5G network planning faces many challenges, mainly from new spectrum, new air interface, new services, new scenarios, new architecture and other aspects. First, the new spectrum brings smaller coverage and higher costs; second, the new air interface, large-scale antenna beam planning, optimization, security, coverage, rate, capacity, and user experience scale needs to be met. The frame structure is flexible and can be configured to meet different needs. Business scenarios, and co-existence / slot synchronization among operators; Third, new services / new scenarios: Service SLA and rate, bandwidth, delay, and QoS issues; Fourth, new architecture, to achieve cloud network deployment, currently three layers Decoupling needs to be worked hard.
To meet these 5G challenges, China Telecom deeply evaluates the characteristics of 5G wireless technology and optimizes the construction plan. China Telecom has further evaluated the 3.5GHz channel propagation characteristics and different channel models through external field channel testing. The single-cell and multi-cell tests of the 6-city NR prototype system were initially completed, and key technology and networking performance tests of the NR commercial system will be carried out in the future. Massive MIMO technology has become a necessary means for 5G to make up for the lack of coverage. Using 192 antenna array will effectively improve coverage. In addition, the NR system can realize multi-user MIMO through narrow beam technology, improve system capacity, and will be further verified in complex environments and commercial terminals in the future.
The feasibility and difficulties of network sharing
3GPP has completed the 5G wireless network sharing basic feature standard. Shen Shaoai said that through the current test results, it seems that 5G wireless network sharing is not feasible. There are four major difficulties in sharing 5G wireless networks. In terms of network planning, AAU power is limited and coverage will shrink; large-scale antenna beam planning is difficult; in network optimization, it is difficult for operators to optimize between 4G and shared 5G. Conflicts, data configuration conflicts, hardware specifications conflicts, software version conflicts, etc., affect network performance; in terms of operation and maintenance communication and coordination, co-construction, sharing, delivery, coordination and communication are costly, operation and maintenance are difficult, and processing progress is slow; Without differentiation, it is difficult to meet the SLA of each customer.
5G looks forward to joining the vertical industry
5G business is gradually maturing. 5G will be put into commercial use in 5 years. However, it will take 5 to 10 years for relevant emerging businesses and technologies to mature. Operations and industry partners need to seize new opportunities and create differentiated advantages. China Information Communication Institute and GSMA released China 5G report. The personal consumer market mainly focuses on video and VR / AR. The enterprise market is a big revenue opportunity for 5G.
Shen Shaoai said that the world is generally optimistic about 5G, expanding new space for the development of the digital economy. China Telecom advocates that "5G leads the world." Jointly promote the maturity of 5G standards, carry out 5G business and business model research, 5G network intelligence research, and fixed-mobile integration research; jointly build 5G intelligent networks, carry out 5G innovation projects, build 5G demonstration projects, accelerate 5G network commercialization; jointly create 5G applications Model, establish a 5G application innovation alliance, jointly explore 5G vertical industry applications, and 5G is used for business synchronization; jointly prosper the 5G terminal ecology, adhere to the development of 5G full Netcom terminals, establish a 5G terminal R & D alliance, and establish a 5G terminal joint innovation laboratory.
China Telecom's intelligent 5G network services serve thousands of industries. In the 2B market, it focuses on smart grids, smart cities, intelligent driving, ultra-high-speed connections, remote diagnosis and treatment, and drones. In the 2C market, it focuses on VR / AR and ultra-high-definition video; 2H market, focus on smart home.
China Unicom turns 5G base stations into drone gas stations and parking garages
"China Unicom has carried out organizational changes for 5G, and established an intelligent network center and a 5G innovation center, with the goal of realizing the integration of new network planning and maintenance research." Tang Xiongyan, a scientist at China Unicom Network Technology Research Institute, said that China Unicom has organized for 5G Revolution, the establishment of intelligent network center and 5G innovation center, the goal is to achieve the integration of new network planning and maintenance research, as well as build iterative, intensive operation, research and development autonomy, business e-commerce, focus on 10 industries, and carry out business innovation .
China Unicom's 5G pilot and application demonstrations are also at the forefront of the industry, targeting 4 major scenarios in 10 major industries, planning more than 600 sites in 17 cities, and promoting 5G application incubation and industrial upgrading, including 5 cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, (Guangzhou, Wuhan) Carry out scale tests, demonstrate and verify 5G typical services in 12 cities, and accelerate the 5G commercial process.
China Unicom is committed to creating a smart Winter Olympics and creating a new 5G business card. It will realize intelligent flow control of people flow, intelligent tracking and monitoring of logistics, VR 360 full landscape competition, portable wearable high-speed shooting, drone face recognition, wireless high-speed video probe. Achieve seamless 5G coverage in the new high-speed rail, new airport, new venues, and the New Winter Olympics, and share the exciting anywhere anytime.
China Unicom is committed to achieving 5G-powered drones, turning 5G base stations into gas stations and parking garages for drones; China Unicom has launched pilots of emergency communication products based on drones in Hunan, Fujian, and Guangdong Application; In the field of industrial Internet, China Unicom is leading a major national science and technology transformation project-R & D and testing of 5G business for industrial manufacturing; China Unicom develops a 5G-based intelligent driving system in Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing and other places, which is a car road cloud system An important case of the system; 5G assists the development of cloud VR services. China Unicom's cloud, management, and segment collaboration build five capabilities to support TV video, mobile video, and Internet video services.
Before China Unicom has set up a 5G open laboratory, China Unicom's business has shifted from 2C to 2C and 2B, and the importance of 2B has gradually emerged.
The vibration sensor(Vibration Transmitter) is one of the key components in the testing technology of Vibration Measurement. Its main function is to receive the mechanical quantity and convert it into a proportional electric quantity. Because it is also an electromechanical conversion device. So we sometimes call it a transducer, a vibration pickup, etc.
Commonly used vibration sensors are as follows:
1. Piezoelectric resonant
The piezoelectric sheet is used to receive the vibration signal, and the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric sheet is relatively high. In order to reduce the resonance frequency, it is realized by increasing the mass of the piezoelectric sheet vibrating body, and using a spring ball instead of an appendage to reduce the two resonance frequencies and enhance the vibration effect. Its advantages are high sensitivity and simple structure. However, the signal needs to be amplified and sent to a TTL circuit or a single-chip microcomputer circuit, but it is enough to use a triode single-stage amplification
2. mechanical vibration
In the traditional vibration detection method, after being vibrated, the spring ball vibrates at a reduced amplitude for a long time, and this vibration is easy to be detected by the detection circuit. The vibration output switch signal is determined by the output impedance and the resistance value of the matching output. According to the input impedance of the detection circuit, it can be made into a high-impedance output mode.
3. Micro Vibration Sensor
The mechanical vibration sensor is miniaturized, the vibration body is carbonized and sealed, and its working performance is more reliable. The output switching signal is directly connected with the TTL circuit and or the input circuit of the single-chip microcomputer, and the circuit structure is simple. The output impedance is high, and the quiescent working current is small.
Advantages of Vibration Sensors
1. Small size and light weight. It can be applied to some vibration test systems that are greatly affected by the additional mass.
2. It has a wider response frequency range of 4Hz-2000Hz than the magnetoelectric speed sensor, and the mechanical moving parts are not easy to damage
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