Tips: Occupational disease prevention begins with the universal prevention knowledge

Occupational diseases caused by common physical factors

1 Hand vibration

Hand-arm vibration disease is a disease caused by long-term hand-transmission vibration work, which is mainly caused by peripheral circulation of the hand and/or nerve dysfunction of the arm, and can cause joint-muscle damage of the arm. There are the following types of arm vibration production operations: Hammering tools, powered by compressed air; hand-held rotating tools, such as electric drills; fixed rotary tools, such as grinders; transportation and agricultural machinery, such as automobiles, harvesters The driver's arm holds the operation handle for a long time and there is also arm vibration.

The clinical manifestations of arm vibration include: neurological symptoms such as headache, dizziness, insomnia, fatigue, memory loss, etc.; hand swelling, hand stiffness, hand hemp, hand pain, vibratory white finger.

Protection advice: control vibration sources; reform process; limit working time and vibration intensity; improve working environment, strengthen personal protection; strengthen health monitoring and daily health care, conduct regular health checks; limit vibration work time and work intensity, shorten the vibration time ; Pay attention to rest, to do work and rest; usually do a good job of arm and finger exercises, improve local nerve function and blood circulation.

2 Heat stroke

Occupational heat stroke is an acute disease that is mainly manifested in the central nervous system and/or cardiovascular disorders due to heat balance and/or water and salt metabolism under high-temperature operating conditions.

In the actual occupational environment, there are many kinds of occupational heat stroke that may cause occupational heat stroke, mainly including outdoor workers in the construction industry, electric power industry employees installed in outdoor lines, personnel in high-temperature workplaces with productive heat sources, including the use of ovens for electronics and communications. Equipment manufacturing personnel, casting positions in battery manufacturing, injection molding positions in the plastics industry, oil drying, salt drying, pastry baking in food manufacturing, raw material cooking in beverage manufacturing, alcohol Personnel in saccharification positions, tobacco leaf drying in the tobacco processing industry, tobacco drying personnel, and boiler room personnel in the steam supply industry.

Workers who work in high-temperature workplaces for a certain period of time will experience symptoms such as dizziness, headache, thirst, excessive sweating, general fatigue, palpitations, lack of concentration, and incoordination. Their body temperature will be normal or slightly elevated. If measures are not taken in time, the symptoms of heat stroke aura will be further aggravated, with symptoms such as facial flushing, heavy sweating, and rapid pulse. The body temperature will rise to 38.5°C.

Protection advice: rationally design process flow, improve production equipment and laborers' operation methods, avoid direct contact with productive heat sources, use natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation to cool the workplace, and use water or materials with small thermal conductivity to insulate; For high-temperature workers, they are equipped with personal protective equipment such as heat-protective face masks, work hats, protective glasses, and heat-resistant health drinks for high-temperature workers. For summer open-air workers, employers should try to arrange morning and evening work. Workers should avoid the strongest periods of sunshine as much as possible; employers should arrange hot work workers to perform pre-employment and pre-holiday health examinations.

3 Noise 聋

The term "professional noise" refers to a type of auditory hearing impairment that occurs when people are exposed to productive noise during the course of their work. Occupational noise has a great relationship with the time and intensity of contact with noise, especially the length of noise work. Mainly include: textile industry, wood processing industry, printing industry, furniture manufacturing and so on.

The main symptoms of occupational noise paralysis are progressive hearing loss and tinnitus.

Protection advice: reform process, reduce noise generation; reduce noise contact time; ear noise, wearing ear plugs, earmuffs, sound insulation caps and other anti-sound equipment; health monitoring, hearing should be checked before employment; regular physical examination; early detection, early diagnosis Early treatment.