According to the US Daily Science website recently reported that American scientists have developed a man-made nanomaterial called D2PA, combining this material with the immunoassay method used to detect diseases, the sensitivity of this standard biological tool can be Increase 3 million times. The latest breakthrough will greatly improve the early detection of diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease because doctors can detect lower-level disease biomarkers. The study was published in the latest issue of Nanotechnology magazine.
The immunoassay method This medical test detects the distribution of biotags (the disease-related chemicals) within the sample by simulating the behavior of the immune system. When biotags appear in samples taken from the human body, the immunoassay test emits a flash of fluorescence that the laboratory can detect. The brighter the fluorescence, the more biomarkers are shown. However, if there are too few bio-tags, the fluorescence will be so weak that it cannot be detected. One of the main goals of immunoassay research is to improve detection efficiency.
Now, Princeton University scientists have used nanotechnology to greatly enhance the weak fluorescence in the sample, increasing the detection sensitivity by 3 million times. In other words, compared with the traditional method, the improved immunoassay method can also perform very good detection when the biological label is 3 million times less.
The leader of the research, Professor Stephen Zhou of the Princeton University School of Engineering, said: "The latest breakthroughs provide new opportunities for immunoassay and other detection methods as well as early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases; in addition, new methods are also used. It is very convenient.†The study was funded by the US Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the American Science Foundation.
The key to a breakthrough in the latest research is the artificial nanomaterial D2PA developed by scientists. D2PA is a thin layer of gold nanostructure surrounded by a glass column with a diameter of only 60 nanometers. These glass columns are placed every 200 nanometers, and each column is covered with a layer of gold. Each pillar is surrounded by finer gold dots with a diameter of only 10 nanometers to 15 nanometers. In previous research, Stephen Chou has shown that this unique structure can use extraordinary methods to enhance the light's ability to aggregate and transmit light, especially as it can increase the surface Raman scattering efficiency by a billion times. And the latest research also proves that this structure can greatly enhance the fluorescence signal.
In addition to its application in diagnostics, immunoassays can also be widely used in drug development and other biological research fields. According to Stephen Zhou, fluorescence plays an important role in chemistry and engineering. It can be used in light-emitting displays, solar energy capture devices, etc. D2PA materials can also find a place in these fields.
Stephen Chou said that next he plans to conduct tests to compare the sensitivity of D2PA-enhanced immunoassay methods and traditional methods in the detection of breast and prostate cancers. In addition, he is also working with scientists at the Cancer Research Center in Stanley, New York, to develop and test proteins related to the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. He said: "Using our latest method, we can detect Alzheimer's disease early." (Liu Xia)
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