Near the year, the temperature is getting lower and lower, and many places have already had a few snows. The circle of friends is all snow-covered. But this has plagued the farmers. The temperature is too low, causing the gray mold in the greenhouse to spread. Farmers have said that it is not useful to fight drugs. It is not known that the prevention and control of gray mold can be followed. Today, Xiaobian will tell you why and how to prevent gray mold.
Is gray mold bad?
The pathogens are fast-growing, and the number of spores is very high. The English name of Botrytis cinerea is "botrytis", which means "grape spike". Its conidia (the taupe molds on the susceptible parts), like the spikes under the microscope, are amazing. Use a needle to pick a little gray mold on the diseased fruit and place it under the microscope. This is like this:
Don't see it, don't worry, treat it with paint, then look at it with a microscope:
Just a little bit, the number of conidia is also unclear.
The viability of the pathogen is very strong: the adaptability and viability of the gray mold pathogen are strong, and it can be ingested from the living plant tissue or in the dead body, and belongs to the semi-living nutrient pathogen.
Taking cucumber gray mold as an example, the conidia of the pathogen can survive on susceptible fruits, petals, flower buds, stems and leaves for 4-6 months, and the sclerotia has a longer survival time. Botrytis cinerea can survive in the soil, on the plant, on the back wall of the greenhouse, on the column, on the hanging line, and spread to the plant through airflow, rainwater, and farming operations. Once the conditions are right, it will germinate and infect quickly.
The pathogen is easy to invade from the wound: the gray mold pathogen likes "sweet and tender", and the most infested parts are flowers, young fruits and fruits of the ripening period.
The reason is that some secretions on the flower buds will stimulate the rapid propagation of the bacteria, and once the wounds appear on the young epidermis or the mature fruit, the bacteria will follow the oozing juice from these parts.
Some investigations have found that Botrytis cinerea has the highest probability of invading fruits from residual petals, accounting for 86.27% to 91.61% of all intrusions. After the flower is used in the production, the petal residual rate of the fruit pedicle is 67.71%~100%. This is one of the reasons for the high incidence of tomato gray mold in greenhouses.
High humidity gray mold is prone to outbreak: weather is an important cause of the incidence of gray mold. Botrytis cinereas prefer cooler temperatures (18 to 23 ° C) and high humidity (85% or more), as well as poorly lit weather. Therefore, gray mold is easy to break out in continuous cloudy snow or rainy weather.
The pathogenicity of the pathogen is strong: the rapid pathogenicity of the gray mold pathogen is extremely strong, and once invaded into the plant organs, symptoms will be rapidly manifested, and new conidia will be rapidly produced. Therefore, once a disease occurs, it means that the amount of bacteria is easily explosively expanded, and a slight delay will lead to an outbreak.
Environmental factors for gray mold
The environmental conditions for the occurrence of gray mold should meet the following three conditions
1. Low temperature - the daytime temperature in the shed continues at around 15-20 °C.
2, high humidity - the humidity in the shed is large, the plant has spit water, and there is a water film on the leaves;
3, low light - insufficient light, not strong light.
From the above three conditions, we can infer that the weather such as continuous cloudy, rainy and snowy days is the most prone to gray mold. If you have poured water once or twice in the previous 1-2 days, it will happen. more serious.
The occurrence and development of gray mold
Gray mold is very fond of infecting residual flowers, which may be that the residual flowers are both nutritious but poor in disease resistance.
Once the residual flower is infected with gray mold, it falls onto the leaves and the leaves are infected. The picture above shows that it has just fallen off and has not been infected. At this time, when you work in the field, you must give this flower away. Don't be lazy, don't Lazy, don't be lazy.
This is the residual flower, which falls onto the leaves. Once the humidity is high, the direct bacteria spread from the residual flowers to the leaves.
Once there is a water film on the leaves, the conidia of the pathogens on the residual flowers quickly germinate and infect the leaves. In addition, this picture also shows that gray mold is not only a "V" shaped lesion, but also a round.
On the back of the leaf in the above picture, gray mold is a weak parasitic bacteria. After it infects plant tissue, it decomposes the plant tissue and then eats the plant tissue. So where is the rot, if it happens on the fruit, it is directly It can't be done, and it has a great impact on production.
Because gray mold is a weak parasitic bacteria, it is most susceptible to infection from poor residual flowers and wounds. Therefore, after the cucumber is harvested, the wounds at the wounds and the leaf burns are easily infected by gray mold, so fight drugs. Be careful when you are careful, and focus on prevention of the part where the wound appears.
Prevention and control of gray mold
For gray mold, tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, eggplants and other flowering crops should be prevented as soon as they enter the flowering period. Once they are taken, it is difficult to stop the medicine. It can only be controlled to some extent, and then wait. As the weather turns better, gray mold will become lighter and lighter, but once it encounters a cloudy day, it will recur again, so remind everyone that the best way to treat gray mold is to prevent it from flowering. Don't let it happen.
If it is very unfortunate, once it happens, the first thing to do is:
1. Do everything possible to reduce the humidity, such as a reasonable air outlet, but be careful not to freeze the crop;
2, remove the diseased body and then fight drugs. As shown in the figure below, this already infected tissue must be removed, put into a plastic pocket and thrown away, and then fight drugs, don't bother, don't be lazy, if you don't remove, thousands of germs on this tissue The external force of the spray will be scattered everywhere. It is better not to fight the medicine. The more likely it is to fight the medicine, the more serious the gray mold will occur.
In doing the above work well, we can use chemical agents to control. If you are not doing the above work, you only want to fight drugs to treat gray mold, it is estimated that you may be disappointed.
As for the medicine, you can choose allicin, procymidone, boscalid, azoxystrobin, pyrimethanil and other agents, pay attention to the fight, and use the chlorothalonil suspension together, the effect is good, and if It is also good to have a good smoke agent to control the disease before the occurrence of gray mold.
For the use of chemical control for gray mold, as long as the disease does not spread, there is no new gray mold disease in the susceptible site has reached the goal.
Reduce the humidity science medication, after the weather turns better, the gray mold disease spots are dry, and the condition is controlled.
The branch that is susceptible to gray mold is infected with the newly grown flower without gray mold, indicating that gray mold can be controlled.
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