Who is "killing the killing" of China's photovoltaic industry?

According to sources from the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Electromechanical Import and Export, EU PV manufacturers including German Solar World are preparing black materials and are planning to file an anti-circumvention investigation against the Chinese PV industry this fall. According to the allegations, Chinese PV companies have evaded the EU's “high tax rate” on Chinese PV products through re-exports through countries such as Japan, Taiwan and Malaysia.

Is it Solarworld? Sure enough, it is a deep hatred.

Since the first "double-reverse" survey in the EU in 2011, China's PV industry seems to have formed a "indissoluble bond" with Solarworld. On July 25, 2014, the US Department of Commerce announced the results of the survey on solar PV trade applied for by SolarWorld. The investigation initially determined that there was dumping behavior of crystalline silicon photovoltaic products imported from China and Taiwan, and decided to impose high tariffs on related photovoltaic products involved. The time interval between them is less than a month! Really want to kill it?

In fact, as early as June 19, professional legal media MLex reported that the EU PV industry accused Chinese companies of evading EU anti-dumping measures and is preparing to apply to the European Commission for an anti-circumvention investigation of China's PV products exported to Europe. The news was reprinted by the Economic and Trade Department of the Ministry of Commerce. It’s just that when fashion is in a panic after the announcement of the preliminary ruling on the anti-subsidy investigation of photovoltaic products in China, the scorpion is more itchy. Since the first "double opposition", the EU market has accounted for 30% of China's total PV product exports from 30% in 2012 to 30% in 2013. With the eastward shift of the photovoltaic market, the EU market now accounts for only 17% of the overseas market of China's photovoltaic industry. The impact on China's PV industry has not been the first "double-reverse".

Can you breathe a sigh of relief? Do not! Let us review a series of trade friction cases against Chinese PV products this year.

Photovoltaic industry trade friction

At the end of 2013, Solarworld submitted a double-reverse investigation application to China's photovoltaic products to the US Department of Commerce, arguing that Chinese mainland component companies evade high taxes in the United States through Taiwan's export channels. The US Department of Commerce made preliminary rulings on the investigation on June 3 and July 25, 2014, respectively. Both results were unfavorable to China.

In November 2012, India initiated anti-dumping investigations on solar cells originating in Malaysia, China, Taiwan and the United States. On May 22, 2014, India made an anti-dumping final ruling on solar cells originating in Malaysia, China, Taiwan, and the United States. According to the statement of the Indian Ministry of Industry and Commerce, it said that it will impose anti-dumping duties on solar products imported from China, the United States, Taiwan, Malaysia and other countries. The document proposes to impose an anti-dumping duty of US$0.11 per watt on US film manufacturer First Solar. The recommended rate of enrollment is between US$0.48 and US$0.81 per watt.

According to the "Sydney Morning Herald" reported on May 14, Australia will launch an anti-dumping investigation against Chinese solar panel manufacturers to find out whether the latter has problems below the cost price. The report said that the Australian double-reverse committee will investigate the PV market in China and Australia and then decide whether there is no profit export for Chinese companies. The survey was supported by Australian native solar panel manufacturer TindoSolar.

It is worth mentioning that the EU is not only setting limits on component products. On November 27, 2013, the European Commission announced a preliminary ruling on anti-dumping investigations on photovoltaic glass products in China, imposing a temporary anti-dumping duty of 17.1% to 42.1% on photovoltaic glass products originating in China, with an implementation period of six months.

So far, four countries and regions such as the United States, the European Union, Australia, and India have imposed restrictions on Chinese PV products. These few sings and sings and slashes the sword, intending to push the Chinese photovoltaic industry into the danger of "four sides of the song". Now that the EU is re-evading the investigation, it is almost necessary to push China's European market enterprises into a desperate situation.

Why is it an anti-circumvention investigation? Why is it a desperate situation?

In July 2013, China's PV industry representatives and the European Commission reached a price commitment agreement on China's trade disputes over PV products, and promised a minimum export price of not less than 0.56 euros/watt and an annual export volume of no more than 7GW. However, this move has not stopped. Earlier this year, the European Union of Photovoltaic Manufacturers (EUProSun) submitted a document of more than a thousand pages to the European Commission, accusing China's PV companies of violating price commitments, with multiple companies offering a price below the minimum promised price of €0.10/watt. It also mentions non-regulatory situations including hidden third-party transfers.

Anti-circumvention refers to the legal act of the importing country to restrict the use of anti-dumping duties by the importing country to prevent the foreign export dumpers from applying the corresponding anti-dumping duties, that is, the anti-dumping measures adopted by the countries that implement anti-dumping measures Anti-circumvention measures. Simply put, it is the extension and expansion of anti-dumping measures. According to EUProSun's allegations, China's positive PV companies circumvented the EU's high tax rate on China's PV products through re-exports from other countries or regions, and the anti-circumvention investigation is to completely block the passage of Chinese PV products to Europe.

Today's PV suppliers are more experienced than in the past. Especially for China's component companies, component suppliers who have been adhering to the extreme thinking of "capacity first", this change is particularly obvious - thoroughly learned. Due to the heavy taxation of PV products in China and the United States, PV manufacturers have suffered huge losses, resulting in debt losses for several consecutive quarters, but they have also completely transformed China’s “capacity expansion theory” that was once regarded as the golden rule. .

Yingli, from 2012 to 2013, has joined the world's largest PV supplier, has a complete production supply chain from silicon ingots to components in China, and recently also involved in related OEM agreements in Mexico and Canada. Sunshine Sunshine also has its own component foundry partners in Turkey, Poland, India, and South Korea, because it can protect it from trade boycotts and high tariffs in the EU and the US. On the contrary, Trina Solar and Jingke have set their sights on low-level suppliers who are struggling on the edge of bankruptcy and have modern and advanced equipment to make them cheap. Jingao also has its own path. It is planning its own production capacity in China. On the other hand, it has entered South Africa to establish a component packaging factory with a local downstream company to produce products for export to the United States. Under such circumstances, the output of foreign components of China's crystalline silicon component manufacturers has reached an unprecedented level since 2012.

Among these enterprises, the “avoidance” approach of Sunshine Sunshine is particularly skilled. In order to reduce the impact of the US double-reverse, Sunlight Sunshine announced on August 12 that it plans to use global OEM partners to ship up to 500MW of solar panels to the US next year, which will expand in India, South Korea, Turkey and parts of Europe in the future. OEM cooperation activities. However, solar products sold by ReneSola to Europe will continue to use Taiwanese solar cells.

ReneSola currently has 11 plants in 7 countries, with a total production capacity of 1.1GW for solar panels. It plans to increase the capacity of OEM partners to 1.2GW by the end of this year and further increase to 1.5GW by the end of next year. Some analysts said that making the supply chain more diversified and pulling goods from different regions will definitely increase production costs, but it is better than paying an average of 30% anti-dumping duties.
The plan is beautiful, but unfortunately it has been seen.

Solarworld benefits geometry?

In the disputes involving China's PV trade frictions, Solarworld jumped up and down. Solarworld has become the leader of the European and American photovoltaic manufacturing industry. Solarworld also slammed its position on the attempt by the US Solar Energy Industry Association (SEIA) to resolve conflicts. So, what benefits does Solarworld get from the double anti-reverse?

In February of this year, SolarWorld of Germany successfully completed its financial restructuring after one year, with a 57% reduction in debt and a residual debt of US$427 million. And because of the takeover of Bosch's photovoltaic manufacturing business, SolarWorld's shipments have increased significantly. Despite this, it still failed to prevent small-scale sales from falling. In the preliminary financial results for the first quarter of 2014 released by SolarWorld, the company emphasized that total product shipments increased by 41% to 154MW. However, sales were the second lowest in years, only 99.4 million euros ($138.5 million).

Solarworld's performance was bleak when the trade dispute was not announced before the "double-reverse" preliminary ruling results were announced, which may be due to the short time. In the next few months, Solarworld did not really benefit much. On August 14, SolarWorld AG announced its financial results for the first half of 2014. According to the financial report, in the first half of the year, total shipments of SolarWorld's PV modules, batteries and kits increased by 53% to 357 MW compared with 233 MW in the same period last year.

In the earnings report, Solarworld still emphasizes the volume of shipments, but its revenue can not be diluted. The company said that revenue for the first half of 2014 was 228.1 million euros ($305.5 million), an increase of 13% over the same period last year. But the data is still far from the planned 2014 revenue target of 680 million euros ($910 million) – this time, Solarworld emphasized the increase in employment: 692 in Germany and 166 in the US. And even if the company announced that it will start idle capacity later this year, it is still not optimistic about the industry.

Solarworld toss in order to swear?

According to the financial analysis, Solarworld did not get much benefit from the friction of photovoltaic trade. Then why is Solarworld accusing China's PV companies for a while, and will blame the US Solar PV Industry Association and the US Pacific Solar Alliance for their unsatisfactory positions?

In recent years, the global response to climate change has become an international focus. As a representative of the new energy field and its key role in the global energy structure transformation, the photovoltaic industry is supported by many countries as future strategic development industries. However, with the impact of the economic crisis and changes in the overall industry situation, the advantages of Western developed countries in the field of photovoltaics are being lost a little. As a support for photovoltaic technology, most of the photovoltaic manufacturing industry has moved to China. The manufacturing industry that has lost its carrier will inevitably form obstacles and gradually weaken in the cycle of achieving effective input-output-re-investment.

Therefore, in the current position of Western developed countries, emerging countries and traditional energy producing countries in the global energy landscape, the photovoltaic industry is a very important bargaining chip. This change affects the basic attitudes and actions of the three major groups in international negotiations on global climate change governance. Solarworld undoubtedly plays the role of testing China's attitude.

As an emerging country, China needs to balance and balance between short-term economic development and long-term sustainable development. It also needs to strengthen the coordination of climate policies among emerging countries and cooperate with Western countries in new energy technologies and funds. This is not only a simple exchange and cooperation, but also a game. The persecution attitude that Solarworld has shown to harm others is precisely a manifestation of this state. The rapid development of China's renewable energy has won praise and applause from all over the world. However, trade frictions between China and the United States, the European Union and other western developed countries and regions in the renewable energy industry such as photovoltaics are becoming more frequent. China's photovoltaic industry development has not yet been sophisticated, "paying tuition fees" can better promote the progress of China's photovoltaic industry, habits and even learn these so-called "following" means.

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