Recently, Prof. Kang Junyong of the School of Physics and Electrical Engineering of Xiamen University researched and developed a new type of solar cell, namely using zinc oxide and zinc selenide as the solar cells, which greatly stabilized the performance of solar cells. Its life is extended. This is also the first time in the world that a wide bandgap semiconductor has been used in solar cells.
Recently, the "Material Chemistry" magazine of the Royal Society of Chemistry published this result, which has drawn extensive attention internationally. More than a dozen science and technology websites such as the US Science and Technology Daily reported and reproduced the results.
The so-called wide bandgap semiconductor generally refers to a semiconductor material having a bandgap greater than 2.0 electron volts at room temperature. From a physics perspective, the wider the bandgap, the more stable the physicochemical properties, the better the radiation resistance and the longer the life expectancy; but correspondingly, one of the disadvantages of the wide bandgap is that this material is The absorption of light is less and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is low. Due to this "fatal defect," wide bandgap semiconductor material has not been used as a key structure for power generation in solar cells in the past, but only as an electrode.
According to reports, at present, silicon solar cells are used more often in solar cells, but their lifetime is limited. In view of the problem of "short life span" of silicon cells, experts of the Semiconductor Photonics Center of the University have focused on broad bandgap semiconductors with stable physical and chemical properties, good radiation resistance and "long life" since 2005. The "wide bandgap semiconductor in solar cell applications" research.
Can we change this "impossible" to "possible"? After in-depth study, the research group found that there are two bottlenecks that restrict the "transformation": first, whether photocurrent can be formed; and second, whether it can increase the absorbance of wide bandgap semiconductors.
The most important thing for the task force to "get brains" is how to make optoelectronics "flow". After many experiments, the research team decided to use two kinds of wide bandgap semiconductor materials—zinc oxide and zinc selenide as the material of the solar cell, to form a band step similar to the PN junction, allowing the current to “flowâ€.
At the same time, the research group has also done a lot to increase the absorptivity, and “reformed†the previous methods of preparation. By controlling the conditions, the two materials have achieved coherent growth, and the new quantum structure has been formed for the first time, greatly reducing broadband. The effective band gap of the gap semiconductor increases the range of absorbing sunlight. At the same time, the laminated film was changed to a one-by-one coaxial form, each having only 200 nanometers. As a result, the area of ​​light absorption is greatly increased and the light absorption rate is also increased.
Currently, the "Zinc Oxide/Zinc Selenide Zn Quantum Coaxial Solar Cell" developed by the research group has the highest 0.7 volt open circuit voltage and the highest external quantum efficiency of 9.5% compared to international semiconductor devices of the same type. The project was mainly completed by Wu Zhiming, associate professor of the School of Physics and Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of our university, and said that next, the research group will further improve the battery in terms of resistance, electrodes, etc. to make it reach the best state.
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