No matter what crops are planted, in order to obtain high yields, fertilizers must be added. Some are mainly based on the application of farmyard manure, some are based on the application of chemical fertilizers, and some are mainly based on the combination of farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers. However, the effects of different varieties of fertilizers and application methods on yield increase are not the same.
The application effect of fertilizer is often closely related to the trend of soil nutrients. Li Damao and other farmers in Muhang Village, Huangtan Town, Yingcheng City, Hubei Province, asked them that they generally spend about 150 yuan per mu on fertilizer investment in cotton production, but the difference between per mu and seed cotton is 25 to 50 kg. This is because different farmers have different soils, different application methods, and different nutrient trends.
From years of observation and testing, the nutrient trend of crops after applying fertilizer is generally manifested in four aspects. First, nutrients are effectively absorbed and utilized by crops; second, parts of the nutrients are gaseously volatilized; third is after each rainfall. The nutrient is lost with rainwater; the fourth is that some of the nutrients are adsorbed and fixed by the soil and are not available. However, from the category of fertilizers, organic fertilizers have less loss than chemical fertilizers, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in chemical fertilizers have less loss than nitrogen fertilizers. According to the soil and fertilizer testing department, the effective utilization rate of ammonium bicarbonate is only 27%, and the effective utilization rate of urea is 35%. In alkaline soils, the effective utilization of nitrogen fertilizers is even lower.
In agricultural production, in order to save fertilizer costs and reduce waste, comprehensive technology must be adopted to improve fertilizer utilization.
First of all, we must improve the basic construction of farmland and enhance the capacity of water storage and fertilizer conservation. In the construction of farmland, it is necessary to speed up the discharge of large water, the rapid decline of small water, the introduction of water in the case of drought, and the adjustment of fertilizer by water, so that the fertilizer applied to the soil can be quickly dissolved, converted and utilized.
Secondly, it is necessary to increase the application of organic fertilizer, and the combination of farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer. Fully decomposed farmyard manure nutrient content is relatively complete, adhere to the combination of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer, can improve soil physical and chemical properties, enhance soil fertility; can also make long-term and quick-acting fertilizer complementary advantages; can also reduce the volatilization and loss of fertilizer, faster Improve the ability to supply fertilizer.
Third, it is necessary to apply scientific formula fertilization to avoid partial application of chemical fertilizer. It is necessary to balance fertilization for different soils and different crop formulations, not only to prevent the excessive use of elemental fertilizers to produce antagonism, to inhibit the nutritional functions of other elements, but also to meet the needs of different crops for different nutrient elements. It is necessary to apply the corresponding trace elements according to different soil properties.
Fourth, we must constantly update the fertilization technology to effectively ensure the quality of fertilization. Advocate the application of high-content compound fertilizer; actively try high-amino acid organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; promote organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; apply yeast and other fertilizers and drugs; emphasize the deep application of fertilizer; do it at a reasonable dose.
The application effect of fertilizer is often closely related to the trend of soil nutrients. Li Damao and other farmers in Muhang Village, Huangtan Town, Yingcheng City, Hubei Province, asked them that they generally spend about 150 yuan per mu on fertilizer investment in cotton production, but the difference between per mu and seed cotton is 25 to 50 kg. This is because different farmers have different soils, different application methods, and different nutrient trends.
From years of observation and testing, the nutrient trend of crops after applying fertilizer is generally manifested in four aspects. First, nutrients are effectively absorbed and utilized by crops; second, parts of the nutrients are gaseously volatilized; third is after each rainfall. The nutrient is lost with rainwater; the fourth is that some of the nutrients are adsorbed and fixed by the soil and are not available. However, from the category of fertilizers, organic fertilizers have less loss than chemical fertilizers, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in chemical fertilizers have less loss than nitrogen fertilizers. According to the soil and fertilizer testing department, the effective utilization rate of ammonium bicarbonate is only 27%, and the effective utilization rate of urea is 35%. In alkaline soils, the effective utilization of nitrogen fertilizers is even lower.
In agricultural production, in order to save fertilizer costs and reduce waste, comprehensive technology must be adopted to improve fertilizer utilization.
First of all, we must improve the basic construction of farmland and enhance the capacity of water storage and fertilizer conservation. In the construction of farmland, it is necessary to speed up the discharge of large water, the rapid decline of small water, the introduction of water in the case of drought, and the adjustment of fertilizer by water, so that the fertilizer applied to the soil can be quickly dissolved, converted and utilized.
Secondly, it is necessary to increase the application of organic fertilizer, and the combination of farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer. Fully decomposed farmyard manure nutrient content is relatively complete, adhere to the combination of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer, can improve soil physical and chemical properties, enhance soil fertility; can also make long-term and quick-acting fertilizer complementary advantages; can also reduce the volatilization and loss of fertilizer, faster Improve the ability to supply fertilizer.
Third, it is necessary to apply scientific formula fertilization to avoid partial application of chemical fertilizer. It is necessary to balance fertilization for different soils and different crop formulations, not only to prevent the excessive use of elemental fertilizers to produce antagonism, to inhibit the nutritional functions of other elements, but also to meet the needs of different crops for different nutrient elements. It is necessary to apply the corresponding trace elements according to different soil properties.
Fourth, we must constantly update the fertilization technology to effectively ensure the quality of fertilization. Advocate the application of high-content compound fertilizer; actively try high-amino acid organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; promote organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; apply yeast and other fertilizers and drugs; emphasize the deep application of fertilizer; do it at a reasonable dose.
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