The cause of late-sown wheat: There are two types of late-seeded wheat: First, due to the maturity of the former crop, the late harvest, and the delay in sowing, the planting is delayed, thus forming late-sown wheat. Second, due to lack of sensation, such as rain sowing or excessive rainfall, it has to delay the sowing date to form late-sown wheat.
Fertility characteristics of late-sown wheat: The growth of wheat seedlings before winter is slow, the roots are weak, not strong, and there are few tillers, and the ability to withstand low temperatures is poor. Wheat planted from the end of October to the beginning of November, only one leaf was unearthed in most years, also known as "a needle"; the wheat planted in the middle and late November is generally not able to emerge before winter, called "soil."
The growth and development process in spring is fast, the main stem has a high rate of seed formation, the seed setting rate is high, the total number of leaves is 1-2, and the biological yield is low. Because the maturity of late-sown wheat is delayed by about 3 days than that of suitable sowing wheat, some years are vulnerable to dry hot wind during the filling period, reducing 1000-grain weight.
The growth period is shortened, and the late broadcast is not late.
Supporting management measures for late sowing wheat fields:
1. Add fertilizer and make up for the night with fertilizer. It is necessary to increase the amount of fertilization for late-sowing wheat to supplement the deficiency of effective nutrients in the soil, and promote wheat to multi-tiller, multi-ear, and large spikes, and high yield. It should be noted that the application of phosphate fertilizer in the soil with severe phosphorus deficiency has a significant effect on promoting root development, increasing dry matter accumulation and early maturity. Therefore, formula fertilization is critical. The fertilization method of late sowing wheat should adhere to the principle of fertilization supplemented by organic fertilizer and supplemented by chemical fertilizer, so that it can be fertilized by soil and rationally matched. Generally, the late-season wheat with a yield of 350-500 kg per mu can be applied with 3500-4000 kg of organic fertilizer, 20 kg of urea, and 40-50 kg of superphosphate.
2. Use good varieties to make up for the night. Practice has proved that the late-season wheat planting semi-winter varieties, the stage development process is faster, the vegetative growth time is shorter, the grouting intensity is improved, and it is easy to achieve the purpose of large ear, grain, grain weight, early maturity and high yield.
3. Increase the amount of seeding to cover the night. Late tillering wheat tillering was significantly reduced, and the conventional seeding rate inevitably caused insufficient spikes and affected yield. Therefore, increasing the seeding rate and relying on the main stem to form the ear is the key to increasing the yield of late-season wheat. It should be noted that the appropriate seeding amount is determined according to the sowing date and the tillering characteristics of the variety. All localities have certain experience in increasing the amount of sowing seeds for late sowing wheat.
4. Improve the quality of the land preparation so as to make up for the evening. (1) Early Teng Biao, grab the time to broadcast early. In order not to affect the yield of autumn crops, try to achieve early sputum, early land preparation, early sowing, speed up the planting schedule, and reduce the loss of accumulated temperature. (2) Fine soil preparation and underfoot cultivation. After the harvest of the former sorghum crops, it is necessary to hurry up and deepen the ploughing and fine leveling. For the plots with insufficient grievances, it is necessary to tidy up the water and make the bottom rafts, so that the soil is firm, there is no clear and dark, and the wheat is fully planted. The suitable soil moisture for late sowing wheat is 70%-80% of the field water holding capacity. It is best to bring the watering before the harvest of the former crop and timely cultivating and protecting the sorghum. . (3) Fine sowing, suitable for shallow sowing. Under the premise of athlete's foot, proper shallow sowing is an effective measure to make full use of pre-accumulation temperature, reduce seed nutrient consumption, and achieve early emergence, multiple rooting, early growth and early tillering. Generally, the seeding depth is 3~4cm. (4) soaking seeds and germination. In order to make the late-wheat wheat field emerge early and ensure that the emergence of seedlings has sufficient water, soak seeds with warm water of 20 ~ 30 °C for 5 ~ 6h before sowing, remove and dry to sow, can be emerged 2 to 3 days earlier. Or soak the wheat seeds for 1 day and night with warm water of 20 ~ 25 °C before sowing, wait for the seeds to absorb enough water, remove them, pile up a 30cm thick seed pile, and flip several times a day, when the seed parts are white, spread Open and dry sowing, can be released 5 to 7 days earlier than the dried seeds.
5. Scientific management, and promote the growth of seedlings into more ears. (1) Repressing and slashing, promoting seedling growth and growth. The key to promoting the early growth of wheat in the greening period is to increase the temperature. The focus of management is to suppress and standardize the roots, to promote the growth of roots, to promote root development, to cultivate strong seedlings, and to increase tillering. (2) Grasping the management of fertilizer and water during the ups and downs. Generally, the late-season wheat field topdressing period is suitable for the body-raising period; for the wheat field with higher soil fertility, sufficient base fertilizer and more wheat seedlings, it can be postponed to the jointing stage or the late stage of the jointing and watering; the late-sown wheat with insufficient group should be topdressed in the late greening stage. Watering to promote spring tillering. (3) Strengthening the management of the booting stage is the critical period of wheat water requirement. Watering has a significant effect on the preservation of grain and water. It should be watered at the booting stage or flowering stage according to the soil moisture to ensure that the soil moisture is the field water holding capacity. %about. Late buckwheat should be poured with grouting water to increase the duration of photosynthetic high value, and to resist the damage of dry hot air and increase 1000-grain weight. In addition, attention should be paid to the control of wheat rust, powdery mildew and aphids.
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