1. Organic fertilizers Dry manure and chicken manure are the main base fertilizers for the production of vegetables in greenhouses. However, for the convenience of application, vegetable farmers often leave manure and chicken manure in the fields to dry and lose water. This practice causes the maggots to multiply, the nitrogen volatilizes, and the nitrogen nutrients of the fertilizer are lost.
2. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are used as basic fertilizers on alkaline soil. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are weakly acidic fertilizers. They are insoluble in water. Under weak acid conditions, they can be gradually converted into water-soluble phosphates, which are absorbed by crop roots and applied on alkaline soils. There is no urgent need for phosphorus in crop seedlings, resulting in physiological phosphorus deficiency.
3. The superphosphate is applied as top dressing. Phosphorus has little mobility in the soil, generally 0.5 cm at the application point, and the movement range is between 1 and 3 cm. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the crop rhizosphere, so it does not play a role in supplementing the phosphorus in the crop.
4. Immediately after urea application, the watering urea is acyl ammonia fertilizer. It is easily dissolved in water and then converted into ammonium bicarbonate after being applied to the soil. It is absorbed and utilized by the crop. Immediately after the application, the water is easily mixed with water. Loss, reduce fertilizer efficiency.
5, ammonium bicarbonate with water this method often results in more fertilizer in the water inlet, crop growth is different, difficult to manage, and the shed temperature rises in the afternoon, ammonia gas escapes from the soil, smouldering the lower leaves of the crop, causing fertilizer harm.
The main methods to improve fertilizer efficiency:
1. Organic fertilizer piled up and cooked as base fertilizer In the late July, according to the manure, 4000 kg of human waste, plus 100 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer, 400 kg of crushed wheat orange (ç³ ), mixed and piled into a shape of a scorpion, with a worn plastic film Cover or grind with grass mud for 30 days, then use high-quality organic fertilizer for greenhouse use as a base fertilizer.
2. The concentrated application of superphosphate is applied as the base fertilizer in the 8 cm deep ditch of the transplanting plant. After the phosphorus fertilizer is applied, the soil is covered with 4~5 cm. Then the crop is transplanted in the shallow ditch to shorten the distance between the phosphate fertilizer and the crop root to compensate for the phosphorus movement. Little weakness.
3. Early application of urea and deep application of roots According to the demand for fertilizer and water in the development stage of crops, early application and deep application will increase the utilization rate by 28% compared with shallow application. The temperature of the shed is 7 days ahead of time at 15~20°C, the shed temperature is 5 days ahead of 20~25°C, and the 8~10cm ditch is opened when topdressing, and the soil is tightly covered after planting. . Watering according to the shed temperature for 5-7 days, so that it has enough time in the soil to fully ammoniaize, so as to facilitate the absorption and utilization of the crop. During the growth period of the crop, the leaf surface can be sprayed with 0.3% urea solution once every 7 days. 100 kg of solution per acre, 2 to 3 times in succession.
4, ammonium bicarbonate deep application of ammonium bicarbonate is the ideal quick-acting fertilizer for winter warm greenhouse vegetable production and topdressing, because it is rarely volatilized at 20 °C, it can be dissociated into ammonium ions and adsorbed by soil after being applied to the soil, and then slowly released for supply. The roots of crops can be absorbed and decomposed and absorbed by crops even under the soil temperature of 5 °C. When topdressing, it is 10 cm deep from the roots of the crop 8 to 10 cm. After spreading, the soil cover is tight. The utilization rate can be increased by 10~30%, which is 10% higher than that of shallow application, and 7.8% higher than that with water. (China Fertilizer Network)
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