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‌‌ lithium batteries are a class of batteries made of ‌ lithium metal or ‌ lithium alloy as positive/negative electrode materials and using a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. ‌ lithium batteries can be broadly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and ‌ lithium ion batteries. ‌

Lithium metal batteries: These batteries contain lithium in the metallic state and are usually non-rechargeable. Due to the very active chemical properties of lithium metal, its processing, preservation and use have very high environmental requirements.

Lithium-ion batteries: These batteries do not contain lithium in the metallic state and can be recharged. Lithium-ion batteries mainly rely on the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work, and when charging, lithium ions are removed from the positive electrode and embedded into the negative electrode through the electrolyte; The opposite is true for electrical discharge. Lithium-ion batteries have a voltage range of 2.8V to 4.2V, typical voltage is 3.7V, lower than 2.8V or higher than 4.2V will cause damage to the battery risk.

The invention of the lithium battery can be traced back to 1912, by ‌Gilbert N. Lewis proposed and studied lithium metal batteries. Lithium-ion batteries, on the other hand, were started in the 1970s by ‌M. S. Whittingham. With the development of science and technology, lithium battery has become the mainstream, especially in ‌ portable electronic equipment widely used.