1. Definition of cold precision forging technology
In China's processing industry, positive extrusion, reverse extrusion, and composite cold extrusion are called cold extrusion, and rough processing is called cold rolling. Cold extrusion and cold heading are collectively referred to as cold forging. Warm forging and warm extrusion of steel at temperatures above 800 ° C are called warm forging. Since the deformation mechanism of cold forging and warm forging is exactly the same, only the processing temperature is different, so cold forging and warm forging are collectively referred to as precision forging.
However, from the perspective of metallurgy and volume forming, the general concept of cold precision forging should be: precision plastic forming of metal materials at room temperature. Rotary forging (swing rolling, rolling, radial forging, etc.) with locally progressive forming features should also be included.
2. Characteristics of cold precision forging technology
(1) High material utilization rate.
(2) High production efficiency.
(3) It can process parts with complex shapes.
(4) The product has good dimensional consistency and high precision.
Surface roughness value R a=1.6～0.2μm, dimensional accuracy IT8～IT11, tooth profile accuracy 7～9 grade (spline precision 5～6 grade), can achieve turning, milling, hobbing and gear shaping level.
(5) The parts have high strength and long service life.
Due to the grain refinement and the reasonable distribution of the metal flow lines, the performance of the parts is significantly improved (the dynamic and static strengths are increased by 20% to 30%).
3. Scope of application
Suitable for large quantities of metal structural parts (excluding standard parts, fasteners and profiles) that are difficult to machine or cannot be machined by the cutting process. The weight of forgings is usually 100~1 000g, which is especially suitable for precision plastic forming of transmission parts on automobiles and motorcycles.
4. Cold precision forging related technology
(1) Raw materials
It is suitable for metal materials with low plasticity and low strength. It is mainly composed of low alloy structural steel (20Cr, 20CrMo, 20CrMnTi) and aluminum, copper and alloys thereof.
(2) Blank lubrication
Lubrication of ferrous metal cold forging billets is still saponified by phosphorus. Although other treatment methods have been tried at home and abroad, there is no better way to replace them.
The polymer lubricant is used for the surface treatment of ferrous metal billets with good lubrication effect. The treatment process is simple, but the main component is graphite, which is highly polluted for precision forging and subsequent processing. It is suitable for use in the development of trial products.
Lubrication of non-ferrous metal cold forging blanks varies according to different materials, and a variety of lubrication methods can be selected for the same material. For example, lubrication with mechanical and vegetable oils, precision forgings should be cleaned in time, otherwise it will quickly deteriorate and form pollution.
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