With the continuous development of China's economy, the public's pursuit of architectural decoration effects has been continuously improved. Natural stone has become the preferred material for decoration in office buildings, hotels and other high-end places in recent years, and has gradually entered thousands of households. However, due to the speciality and professionalism of the material and processing of stone products, when the public contacts, it is generally the plate after the product is processed. At this time, the public is generally accustomed to selecting varieties based on color, texture, and material feel, while ignoring the applicability of the product. Since natural stone is mined in the mine, it originates from nature, the material strength varies greatly, the acid and alkali resistance difference is large, the anti-aging ability is different, and the material uniformity is different. Therefore, the applicability of the material must be paid attention to in the later decoration and material selection. It is suitable for wall or floor, indoor or outdoor. When selecting a product, it is also necessary to consider it at the same time as the later installation method. It is necessary to use the bonding method or the dry hanging method, which is important for the safety of the project. In recent years, due to the improper selection of some materials or installation methods in the initial stage, it is very difficult to add engineering to the project in the later stage, resulting in waste and forming a safety hazard. In order to better guide the public to choose the stone variety reasonably, the installation method is correctly selected. Below, we briefly introduce the type and applicability of natural stone and reasonable installation.
First, the choice of stone varieties
China's current decorative stone is mainly divided into natural stone, artificial stone and composite stone. According to the material, natural stone is divided into six categories: granite, marble, limestone, sandstone, slate and sub-gem. According to the products, it is mainly divided into building plates, dry hanging plates, special-shaped stones, pavement stones and carved stone products.
Granite refers to a kind of decorative stone represented by granite, including various types of magmatic rocks and granitic metamorphic rocks. It is generally hard in texture, acid and alkali resistant, and resistant to weathering. Granite is beautiful in color and uniform in material. Generally applicable to indoor and outdoor walls, floors, columns, squares, pavements, etc.
Marble refers to a kind of decorative stone represented by marble rock, including carbonate rock and metamorphic rock related to it. The main component is carbonate mineral, which is generally soft in texture. According to the mineral composition, it is divided into calcite marble, dolomite marble and serpentine marble. Calcite marble is a crystalline structure marble mainly composed of calcite (calcium carbonate). Dolomite marble is a crystalline structure marble mainly composed of dolomite (calcium calcium carbonate). Serpentine marble is a marble mainly composed of serpentine (magnesium silicate hydrate), calcite and dolomite, generally green or dark green. Marble is generally suitable for indoor wall floors.
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate (calcite mineral) or calcium magnesium carbonate (dolomite mineral) or a mixture of two minerals. Commercially, there are the following: limestone, bright limestone, dolomite, microcrystalline limestone, braided limestone, recrystallized limestone, and tuff. According to the bulk density, the limestone is divided into low density limestone (density not less than 1.76 g/cm3 and not more than 2.16 g/cm3), medium density limestone (density not less than 2.16 g/cm3 and not more than 2.56 g/cm3), high density limestone (The density is not less than 2.56 g/cm3). Among them, low- and medium-density limestones are generally suitable for indoor wall surfaces, and high-density limestones are generally suitable for indoor wall surfaces.
Sandstone refers to a sedimentary rock-like stone that is mainly composed of silica (quartz sand) and various minerals and rock particles. Mineral and rock particles with a particle size of 0.06 mm to 2 mm, containing more than 50% silica, a porous structure formed by the condensation of silica, iron oxide, carbonate or clay. Commercially available are blue-grey sandstone, brown sandstone, quartz sandstone, quartzite, and siltstone. According to the material type, it is divided into three categories: sandstone (silica content is 50% to 90%), quartz sandstone (silica content is 90% to 95%), and quartzite (silica content is above 95%). The sandstone shows a quaint natural effect with its porous and rough texture, and the natural or processed surface is used as the decorative surface. Sandstone is generally suitable for indoor and outdoor walls.
Slate, the microcrystalline metamorphic rock, usually originates from shale, mainly composed of mica, chlorite and quartz. It contains mica minerals, which have an approximately parallel direction and can be split along the bedding plane to form thin and hard slate. . Commercially, there are mainly veneers and tiles. The veneer is used for decorative purposes such as floor and wall, and the bending strength is greater than 10Mpa; the tile is used for roofing of the house.
Some stones of the sub-gem grade, the starting point is affixed, generally not commonly used. Such as jade, alabaster, greenstone, schist, soapstone and so on. Generally used for comparison with other stone materials to play a key role.
Second, the choice of stone installation methods
In the architectural decoration project, the stone is mainly applied to the decoration of the ground, the wall surface, the cylinder surface and the steps, etc., mainly by the two methods of bonding and dry hanging.
The bonding method is a mounting method in which a stone-based or resin-based adhesive is directly used to adhere a stone to a structure to form a veneer. The installation of the ground stone is easy to use the bonding method, and the slab should be bonded when it is applied to the wall surface. Outdoor wall and cylindrical stone are easy to dry construction. When the wall stone is applied by bonding method, safety problems should be considered according to actual needs and adhesive properties. Generally, it is only applicable to single piece weight less than 40kg or single piece plate area less than 1m2 or indoor building height below 3.5m, other The dry hanging method should be used. Cement mortar is generally used for the construction of the bonding method. Stone adhesives are recommended for other locations. In particular, the construction of the bonding method should pay attention to the protection of the stone, and the surface, the bottom surface and the side surface should be fully and effectively protected.
Dry hanging construction is a kind of hanging construction method that uses metal hanging pieces to firmly hang the stone on the structure to form the facing. The stone installed by the dry hanging method should be made of granite, solid marble, medium-density limestone and high-strength sandstone material. The minimum thickness recommended for outdoor use of mirror plates according to engineering experience is: 1. granite is not less than 25mm; 2, solid marble, high-density limestone and travertine is not less than 30mm; 3. textured sandstone and Medium density limestone is not less than 50mm. The minimum thickness of mirror stone used indoors shall not be less than 20mm. The nominal thickness of the rough stone building board is not less than 3 mm based on the thickness of the mirror sheet. The area of ​​a single piece of dry hanging board should not exceed 1.5 m2.
The use of natural stone products is a systematic and coherent process. Only when one chooses the favorite color lines and considers the material of the stone products and considers the post-installation method, the natural stone can be used beautifully, safely and reasonably.
references
[1] Zhou Junxing et al., Technical Specifications for Natural Stone Decoration Engineering, JCG/T 60001-2007
[2] Zhou Junxing, etc., natural stone terminology, GB/T 13890
[3] Zhou Junxing, Wei Yan, etc., Dry-hanging facing stone and its metal pendants Part 1: Dry hanging stone, JC 830.1-2005
First, the choice of stone varieties
China's current decorative stone is mainly divided into natural stone, artificial stone and composite stone. According to the material, natural stone is divided into six categories: granite, marble, limestone, sandstone, slate and sub-gem. According to the products, it is mainly divided into building plates, dry hanging plates, special-shaped stones, pavement stones and carved stone products.
Granite refers to a kind of decorative stone represented by granite, including various types of magmatic rocks and granitic metamorphic rocks. It is generally hard in texture, acid and alkali resistant, and resistant to weathering. Granite is beautiful in color and uniform in material. Generally applicable to indoor and outdoor walls, floors, columns, squares, pavements, etc.
Marble refers to a kind of decorative stone represented by marble rock, including carbonate rock and metamorphic rock related to it. The main component is carbonate mineral, which is generally soft in texture. According to the mineral composition, it is divided into calcite marble, dolomite marble and serpentine marble. Calcite marble is a crystalline structure marble mainly composed of calcite (calcium carbonate). Dolomite marble is a crystalline structure marble mainly composed of dolomite (calcium calcium carbonate). Serpentine marble is a marble mainly composed of serpentine (magnesium silicate hydrate), calcite and dolomite, generally green or dark green. Marble is generally suitable for indoor wall floors.
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate (calcite mineral) or calcium magnesium carbonate (dolomite mineral) or a mixture of two minerals. Commercially, there are the following: limestone, bright limestone, dolomite, microcrystalline limestone, braided limestone, recrystallized limestone, and tuff. According to the bulk density, the limestone is divided into low density limestone (density not less than 1.76 g/cm3 and not more than 2.16 g/cm3), medium density limestone (density not less than 2.16 g/cm3 and not more than 2.56 g/cm3), high density limestone (The density is not less than 2.56 g/cm3). Among them, low- and medium-density limestones are generally suitable for indoor wall surfaces, and high-density limestones are generally suitable for indoor wall surfaces.
Sandstone refers to a sedimentary rock-like stone that is mainly composed of silica (quartz sand) and various minerals and rock particles. Mineral and rock particles with a particle size of 0.06 mm to 2 mm, containing more than 50% silica, a porous structure formed by the condensation of silica, iron oxide, carbonate or clay. Commercially available are blue-grey sandstone, brown sandstone, quartz sandstone, quartzite, and siltstone. According to the material type, it is divided into three categories: sandstone (silica content is 50% to 90%), quartz sandstone (silica content is 90% to 95%), and quartzite (silica content is above 95%). The sandstone shows a quaint natural effect with its porous and rough texture, and the natural or processed surface is used as the decorative surface. Sandstone is generally suitable for indoor and outdoor walls.
Slate, the microcrystalline metamorphic rock, usually originates from shale, mainly composed of mica, chlorite and quartz. It contains mica minerals, which have an approximately parallel direction and can be split along the bedding plane to form thin and hard slate. . Commercially, there are mainly veneers and tiles. The veneer is used for decorative purposes such as floor and wall, and the bending strength is greater than 10Mpa; the tile is used for roofing of the house.
Some stones of the sub-gem grade, the starting point is affixed, generally not commonly used. Such as jade, alabaster, greenstone, schist, soapstone and so on. Generally used for comparison with other stone materials to play a key role.
Second, the choice of stone installation methods
In the architectural decoration project, the stone is mainly applied to the decoration of the ground, the wall surface, the cylinder surface and the steps, etc., mainly by the two methods of bonding and dry hanging.
The bonding method is a mounting method in which a stone-based or resin-based adhesive is directly used to adhere a stone to a structure to form a veneer. The installation of the ground stone is easy to use the bonding method, and the slab should be bonded when it is applied to the wall surface. Outdoor wall and cylindrical stone are easy to dry construction. When the wall stone is applied by bonding method, safety problems should be considered according to actual needs and adhesive properties. Generally, it is only applicable to single piece weight less than 40kg or single piece plate area less than 1m2 or indoor building height below 3.5m, other The dry hanging method should be used. Cement mortar is generally used for the construction of the bonding method. Stone adhesives are recommended for other locations. In particular, the construction of the bonding method should pay attention to the protection of the stone, and the surface, the bottom surface and the side surface should be fully and effectively protected.
Dry hanging construction is a kind of hanging construction method that uses metal hanging pieces to firmly hang the stone on the structure to form the facing. The stone installed by the dry hanging method should be made of granite, solid marble, medium-density limestone and high-strength sandstone material. The minimum thickness recommended for outdoor use of mirror plates according to engineering experience is: 1. granite is not less than 25mm; 2, solid marble, high-density limestone and travertine is not less than 30mm; 3. textured sandstone and Medium density limestone is not less than 50mm. The minimum thickness of mirror stone used indoors shall not be less than 20mm. The nominal thickness of the rough stone building board is not less than 3 mm based on the thickness of the mirror sheet. The area of ​​a single piece of dry hanging board should not exceed 1.5 m2.
The use of natural stone products is a systematic and coherent process. Only when one chooses the favorite color lines and considers the material of the stone products and considers the post-installation method, the natural stone can be used beautifully, safely and reasonably.
references
[1] Zhou Junxing et al., Technical Specifications for Natural Stone Decoration Engineering, JCG/T 60001-2007
[2] Zhou Junxing, etc., natural stone terminology, GB/T 13890
[3] Zhou Junxing, Wei Yan, etc., Dry-hanging facing stone and its metal pendants Part 1: Dry hanging stone, JC 830.1-2005
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