Cultivation facilities and time
Most of the wintering cultivation is in the cold winter season. Therefore, the cultivation facility must be a solar greenhouse with good insulation properties.
The seeding period of eggplant wintering cultivation is from the end of August to the middle of September. Breeding in the warm, well-lit autumn, planted in the greenhouse from the end of October to the beginning of November, harvested around mid-December until the fall of the following year.
Nursery
The nursery bed should be built in the wind barrier impotence and small arch shed. When conditions permit, it is best to build it directly in the solar greenhouse.
The seed treatment method before sowing is cultivated in the same spring. The sowing method refers to spring early ripening cultivation. Watering should be done in time after emergence. After the seedlings are out, they should be in time and weeded in time. When 1 to 2 true leaves are to be used, they should be divided into seedlings. The construction of the nursery is the same as that of the nursery. The row spacing of the seedlings was 10 cm x 10 cm. Watering in time after seedlings, after the first day of the seedlings, 2 days to 2 noon, from 10:00 to 2 o'clock in the afternoon, you can cover the shed on the nursery to prevent the seedlings from wilting. After the seedlings are slowed down, water should be watered at the right time. Every 5 days to 7 days, the water should be kept dry. And loosen the soil 2 times to 3 times in time. If the soil is deficient in fertilizer, the compound fertilizer can be applied once every 10 days to 15 days, and the dosage per hectare is 100 kg to 150 kg.
During the seedling stage of wintering eggplant cultivation, the external temperature is high in the early stage, and measures such as large ventilation or shading should be adopted to reduce the temperature of the seedbed. At the end of the nursery period, the external temperature gradually decreases, and the temperature should be maintained by covering the film, so that the seedlings are not damaged by freezing. 5 days to 7 days before planting, ventilation should be cooled. The controlled temperature conditions are the same as those for spring early ripening.
5 to 7 days before planting, watering and dicing, so that the soil can be transplanted when planting.
In autumn, the seedlings grow rapidly, and the seedling age can be 50 days to 60 days. The standard for strong seedlings is 8 to 9 leaves, 20 cm high, and the stem is 0.3 cm to 0.4 cm thick.
Colonization
A large amount of organic base fertilizer should be applied to the cultivated land. Combined with deep turning, 75,000 to 100,000 kilograms of fermented organic fertilizer per hectare, and 750 kilograms of superphosphate or 750 kilograms of total compound fertilizer. After turning over, flatten it, make a small sorghum 13 cm high, 50 cm wide, and 60 cm wide.
When planting, plant 2 rows on sorghum, with a row spacing of 38 cm × 50 cm. Cover the mulch after planting, watering and dipping.
Field management
Light adjustment: Short lighting time in winter, weak light intensity, light management should be strengthened. In the case that sunlight can be shot on the shed, try to cover the grass cover as early as possible. Clean the plastic film in time to maintain good light transmittance.
Temperature management: When the night temperature drops below 13 °C, the plastic film should be buckled. After the temperature rises during the day, the diaphragm is ventilated. As the outside temperature drops, the vents should be smaller and smaller, and grass rafts should be covered at night. Keep 25 ° C ~ 30 ° C during the day and 15 ° C or more at night. In the deep winter, in addition to the shed film and grass raft insulation, you can also add small arch insulation on the raft. In addition to the general cold insulation measures, it can also spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.5% sucrose solution, or antifreeze, once every 3 to 5 days to improve the cold resistance of the plant.
翌 Spring gas warms up, when the temperature in the shed is more than 30 °C, it can be ventilated and cooled. When the outside night temperature is above 15 °C, the grass can be removed, and the plastic film is ventilated day and night. In summer, all vents should be opened to cool down, and the top film should be used to shade and reduce the indoor temperature.
Fertilizer management: The management of fertilizer and water for eggplant wintering can be divided into the following six stages:
Flowering and bud stage: After planting in November, it should be ploughed and soiled less, as long as the soil is not dry, there is no need to water, no topdressing, to prevent the shed temperature from being too high, too much watering and long.
Deep winter: from mid-December to early February, the temperature is the lowest in this period, the plant grows slowly, and it can be watered without topdressing.
Early spring harvesting period: From February to March, the outside temperature gradually rises. Plant growth rate, harvesting increased, should be topdressed 2 to 3 times. In the gully, 750 kg to 1500 kg of cooked bean cake per hectare, or 225 kg to 300 kg of compound fertilizer. In combination with top dressing and pouring small water, keep the soil dry and wet, usually 7 days to 10 days.
Harvesting period: From the end of March to May, the external environmental conditions are suitable in this period, and the eggplant enters the fruiting period. At this time, a lot of topdressing should be done. Once every 10 days, each application of compound fertilizer per hectare is 300 kg to 370 kg. When there are conditions, combined with spraying, 0.2% to 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or urea solution, or 5% of ash ash leaching solution, or 0.3% of titanium can be added to the root, usually once every 10 days. Combined with top dressing, timely watering, usually 5 days to 7 days a water.
Late harvesting: From June to July, the weather was hot, and with the market price falling, the harvesting volume decreased. If you pull up in July, you can't top up. For example, if you pull the sputum after the frost in late October, you should still chase the fertilizer once every 10 days, mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, combined with watering.
The peak harvesting season in autumn: from August to mid-October, the external climate is suitable, and the second harvest peak of eggplant appears. In early August, weeding and weeding should be carried out, and the cake fertilizer should be drilled on both sides of the shovel. Apply 1500 kg per hectare and then apply urea twice, 300 kg each time. Combined with fertilization and timely watering, keep the soil dry and wet, usually 5 days to 7 days.
Harvest
Roots and roots should be harvested early, so as not to consume too much nutrients, affecting the vegetative growth of the plants, and affecting the flowers and fruit in the back.
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