After sowing or planting vegetables, in order to meet the needs of their growth and development, they often need more top dressing. The amount of topdressing generally accounts for 1/3 or even more of the total fertilization amount of the crop during the whole growth period. The following describes several commonly used topdressing methods, enumerating their advantages and disadvantages, for the reference of vegetable farmers.
1. Rushing: When watering the crop, the quantitative fertilizer is dissolved in the ditch and infiltrated into the soil around the root of the crop with the watering. This method wastes a lot of fertilizer, and is easy to leak and leak in the channel. In the deep layer that the roots of the crop cannot reach, it will also infiltrate part of the fertilizer and cause waste. The advantage is that it is simple to use, saves labor and time, and has a small amount of labor. This method can be used when the fertilizer source is sufficient, the area of ​​growing vegetables is large, and labor conflicts are prominent. It can be used as the preferred method of top dressing when large areas of vegetables have severe fat deficiency symptoms.
Second, applicator: After the crop is poured into water or after the rain, the soil is suitable for the soil, and when it is able to go to the field, the quantitative fertilizer is applied to the crop surface or the crop line. This method of fertilization is relatively simple, but there is still some fat loss which will be volatilized. Especially, ammonium bicarbonate is very volatile and cannot be used. Ammonium sulfate, urea and potassium sulfate can be applied, but it is not convenient to operate in the field. Use when the fertilizer is more urgent.
3. Buried: Ditching pits between crops or between rows, applying quantitative fertilizers, and then filling the soil. This method is less wasteful and economical, but it is labor-intensive, labor-intensive, and inconvenient to operate. Pay attention to safety when applying. The buried fertilizer ditch and pit should be more than 10 cm from the base of the crop stem. If it is too close to the root, It is easy to damage the root system. Due to the concentration of fertilizer and the high concentration, this method should not be used in the summer when crops are vigorously growing and water is needed, and it cannot be used in the critical period of crop water demand. Generally, in the winter idle season, when the labor force is sufficient and the amount of crop growth is small, this method can be used to gradually decompose the buried fertilizer and continuously supply the crop. However, in actual production, the peak of crop growth is often the peak of fertilizer demand. Therefore, the method of burying is often used at higher temperatures. In order to prevent negative effects, water must be watered after burying to reduce the concentration of fertilizer applied.
IV. Facility chasing: In recent years, with the development of vegetable production technology in protected areas, the matching drip irrigation technology has been widely used, and the fertilization method has been on the track of automation. The specific method of using the drip irrigation facility for topdressing is to install the fertilizer device at the water source into the drip irrigation main pipe, dissolve the chemical fertilizer in the fertilizer applicator, and insert the drip irrigation main pipe into the suction pipe filter of the fertilizer applicator, and the fertilizer can automatically enter the crop root system with the watering device. In the surrounding soil. Due to the mulching film, the fertilizer is almost non-volatile and has no loss. Although the fertilizer is concentrated, the concentration is small, so it is safe, labor-saving and labor-saving, and the effect is very good. This is a relatively scientific and highly promising method of topdressing, only to carry out strict film mulching, and must be equipped with matching drip irrigation and tap water equipment.
Five, root dressing: root dressing is foliar spray fertilizer. Facility gardening and cultivation of vegetables, because the artificially created environment is more conducive to meeting the requirements of crops on environmental conditions, vegetables show the characteristics of fast growth, high yield and many results. However, in addition to paying attention to timely topdressing in management, it can also be combined with spraying and multiple top dressings to supplement crop nutrients. This method is a cost-effective fertilization method because it has less dosage and quick fertilizer efficiency, and can avoid the fixation of fertilizer by soil. It can be used in the case of obvious deficiency and root senescence in the late stage of crop growth, and it can show its effect.
In addition to urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, compound fertilizer and other commonly used large amount of elemental fertilizers, in recent years, many manufacturers around the country have developed suitable for foliar spray. The application of a large number of elements plus trace elements or fertilizers containing a variety of amino acid ingredients, such as spray Shibao, plant protection, agricultural music. However, it must be noted that the basic nutrients required for the growth and development of vegetables are mainly derived from the base fertilizer and other methods of topdressing fertilizers. The external top dressing can only be used as an auxiliary measure.
1. Rushing: When watering the crop, the quantitative fertilizer is dissolved in the ditch and infiltrated into the soil around the root of the crop with the watering. This method wastes a lot of fertilizer, and is easy to leak and leak in the channel. In the deep layer that the roots of the crop cannot reach, it will also infiltrate part of the fertilizer and cause waste. The advantage is that it is simple to use, saves labor and time, and has a small amount of labor. This method can be used when the fertilizer source is sufficient, the area of ​​growing vegetables is large, and labor conflicts are prominent. It can be used as the preferred method of top dressing when large areas of vegetables have severe fat deficiency symptoms.
Second, applicator: After the crop is poured into water or after the rain, the soil is suitable for the soil, and when it is able to go to the field, the quantitative fertilizer is applied to the crop surface or the crop line. This method of fertilization is relatively simple, but there is still some fat loss which will be volatilized. Especially, ammonium bicarbonate is very volatile and cannot be used. Ammonium sulfate, urea and potassium sulfate can be applied, but it is not convenient to operate in the field. Use when the fertilizer is more urgent.
3. Buried: Ditching pits between crops or between rows, applying quantitative fertilizers, and then filling the soil. This method is less wasteful and economical, but it is labor-intensive, labor-intensive, and inconvenient to operate. Pay attention to safety when applying. The buried fertilizer ditch and pit should be more than 10 cm from the base of the crop stem. If it is too close to the root, It is easy to damage the root system. Due to the concentration of fertilizer and the high concentration, this method should not be used in the summer when crops are vigorously growing and water is needed, and it cannot be used in the critical period of crop water demand. Generally, in the winter idle season, when the labor force is sufficient and the amount of crop growth is small, this method can be used to gradually decompose the buried fertilizer and continuously supply the crop. However, in actual production, the peak of crop growth is often the peak of fertilizer demand. Therefore, the method of burying is often used at higher temperatures. In order to prevent negative effects, water must be watered after burying to reduce the concentration of fertilizer applied.
IV. Facility chasing: In recent years, with the development of vegetable production technology in protected areas, the matching drip irrigation technology has been widely used, and the fertilization method has been on the track of automation. The specific method of using the drip irrigation facility for topdressing is to install the fertilizer device at the water source into the drip irrigation main pipe, dissolve the chemical fertilizer in the fertilizer applicator, and insert the drip irrigation main pipe into the suction pipe filter of the fertilizer applicator, and the fertilizer can automatically enter the crop root system with the watering device. In the surrounding soil. Due to the mulching film, the fertilizer is almost non-volatile and has no loss. Although the fertilizer is concentrated, the concentration is small, so it is safe, labor-saving and labor-saving, and the effect is very good. This is a relatively scientific and highly promising method of topdressing, only to carry out strict film mulching, and must be equipped with matching drip irrigation and tap water equipment.
Five, root dressing: root dressing is foliar spray fertilizer. Facility gardening and cultivation of vegetables, because the artificially created environment is more conducive to meeting the requirements of crops on environmental conditions, vegetables show the characteristics of fast growth, high yield and many results. However, in addition to paying attention to timely topdressing in management, it can also be combined with spraying and multiple top dressings to supplement crop nutrients. This method is a cost-effective fertilization method because it has less dosage and quick fertilizer efficiency, and can avoid the fixation of fertilizer by soil. It can be used in the case of obvious deficiency and root senescence in the late stage of crop growth, and it can show its effect.
In addition to urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, compound fertilizer and other commonly used large amount of elemental fertilizers, in recent years, many manufacturers around the country have developed suitable for foliar spray. The application of a large number of elements plus trace elements or fertilizers containing a variety of amino acid ingredients, such as spray Shibao, plant protection, agricultural music. However, it must be noted that the basic nutrients required for the growth and development of vegetables are mainly derived from the base fertilizer and other methods of topdressing fertilizers. The external top dressing can only be used as an auxiliary measure.
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