Research on Safety Analysis of Common Exterior Wall Insulation Materials

Safety analysis of commonly used exterior wall insulation materials:

At present, the organic thermal insulation materials used in China's buildings are polystyrene and polyurethane rigid foam materials. Their biggest advantage is light weight, good insulation and heat insulation. The biggest drawback is poor fire safety.

1, polystyrene board

Polystyrene foam is further divided into molded polystyrene foam (EPS) and extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), of which EPS is currently the most widely used because it is relatively inexpensive. However, although these materials are required to be flame retardant, the combustion properties of the materials themselves are still B2 flammable products. The materials cannot be burned, cracked, spread, flowed, and toxic, so there is an obvious fire. Hidden dangers. The danger lies in:

(1) When the polystyrene board is heated, it melts and dripping, and forms a melting zone along the wall root. When it encounters an open flame, it will burn, and the combustion will spread rapidly along this melting zone, causing the fire to increase;

(2) In the event of a fire, the burning of organic insulation materials will generate a large amount of toxic gases and smog, which will pose a great danger to the escaped. Gas and smoke have been called "the number one killer of fire" by the fire industry. In the past fires in China, nearly 80% of casualties were caused by toxic gases and smoke released from the burning of building materials;

(3) The hot melt shrinkage deformation caused by the heat of the polystyrene board and the overheating of the mesh cloth cause the tile to fall, which may cause casualties and rescue personnel who are not easy to carry out internal attack and search and rescue;

(4) When the surface of the wall insulation material cracks and falls off, it will soon ignite the insulation material, and the fire will spread rapidly to a wide range;

(5) After the fire on the outer wall, the indoor fire-fighting facilities cannot cover the outer wall, especially when the outer wall insulation material of the high-rise building is on fire, there is nothing to do.

2, polyurethane rigid foam material (PU)

PU is the world's best recognized thermal insulation material, the thermal conductivity is only 0.018 ~ 0.023w / mk. Polyurethane foam is an organic polymer combustible material, which may cause fire accidents during production, storage and use. . However, the production unit turned a blind eye to the fire hazard. Using the current situation of the country's external wall insulation market is not standardized and the standards are not perfect, the polyurethane foam materials that are not up to standard are still used in some occasions. It is dangerous in:

(1) The finished rigid polyurethane foam is a porous solid with extremely poor thermal conductivity, which is easy to cause heat accumulation. Once it is on fire, the burning speed of the material is very fast;

(2) Polyurethane foam is mostly incompletely burned when burned. This incomplete combustion is characterized by very thick and black flue gas in the fire, including a large amount of CO and CO, and releases a large amount of high temperature and toxic gas. Including highly toxic gas hydrogen cyanide, benzene cyanide;

(3) A large amount of smoke caused the firefighters in the fire field to be affected, it is not easy to observe the fire point, and it is impossible to conduct personnel search and rescue.

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