Sensor technology is continuously iteratively updated to make robots increasingly intelligent [Full text]

Technology Dynamics Industrial robots are multi-joint manipulators or multi-degrees of freedom machine devices that are oriented toward the industrial field. They can perform work automatically and are machines that rely on their own power and control capabilities to achieve various functions. It can accept human command, or it can be run according to pre-programmed procedures. Modern industrial robots can also act according to the principles established by artificial intelligence technology.

With the continuous development of society, in order to increase the efficiency of production, many large-scale factories have begun to adopt industrial robots. Together with human resources, they have created not only a few values ​​for the industrial production of society. However, current industrial robots are still undergoing technological improvements, especially with the continuous iteration of MEMS acceleration sensors, gyroscopes, pressure sensors, and other intelligent components. Industrial robots also use sensor technology to make them Become smarter, use safer, and motivate many potentials that provide greater value.

MEMS technology makes sensors more compact and intelligent while also improving the efficiency and safety of industrial robots. Since industrial robots, in addition to detecting abnormal conditions, such as severe vibrations that may cause damage, it is necessary to sense the presence of workers to avoid causing injury to workers. For example, in many arm-type robots, designers can use an acceleration sensor with a built-in microcontroller and memory, build a tiny control system with custom software, and install the necessary sensors on the tip or arm of the robot to control the arm of the robot. Sports, monitoring the abnormal situation in the work, but also ensure the safety of production.

In the current robot sensor system design, the next trend will be to use sensors to achieve the robot performance goals. This is often referred to as sensor fusion and allows the sensor system to take advantage of the individual sensors to generate more accurate data and better product design.

For example, an electronic compass may indicate north-south direction. Although some may think that magnetic sensors that read the Earth's magnetic field are sufficient to provide stable information, this is not the case.

The output value of the magnetic sensor changes as the sensor tilts up or down, so it is necessary to add a linear acceleration sensor to sense the tilting motion and use a trigonometric function algorithm to compensate the reading of the magnetic sensor. A good electronic compass design will use both sensors. And better systems will integrate these sensors in the same package, resulting in smaller sensors. For example, some sensor manufacturers produce multi-axis sensors with tilt-compensated geomagnetic field measurements that provide a simple way to integrate the xy axis direction into any robotic system.

In addition, for example, some systems that cannot use GPS module navigation signals for indoor positioning can use the WiFi base station triangulation method to locate the user's smart phone in a shopping mall or an airport. The accuracy of this system can be enhanced by adding a minimal pressure sensor. With a relative height resolution of about 30 centimeters (1 foot), this sensor can easily detect whether the phone moves upstairs or downstairs in the building. This simple information is very useful for simplifying or validating complex triangulation algorithms. Watching outdoor facilities monitoring robots also need to understand whether it is moving uphill or downhill, which has an impact on the robot's speed and power consumption, and is an important data to be considered when calculating its autonomous duration.

Finally, the use of an altimeter with an air pressure sensor enables impact detection, which is another function of sensor fusion. Autonomous robots moving around the warehouse floor or in the hospital lobby should be designed to avoid hitting people or objects, but in the event of a collision, the robot must be able to detect a collision. At this time, the acceleration sensor can be programmed to detect vibration based on a specific collision mark, but this is not foolproof. With the addition of a pressure sensor coupled with a pneumatic belt around the robot, the system can have two different sources of sensing information, which can improve the accuracy of collision event detection.

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