The fertilization of nursery is affected by many factors, mainly soil texture, soil organic matter, climatic factors and flower and tree characteristics. To understand the characteristics of fertilizers, scientific matching and rational fertilization can be achieved.
I. Factors affecting fertilization in nursery
1. Soil texture:
Soil texture has a significant effect on soil fertility. The plough layer is light loam and the lower layer is clay soil. It has good water retention and fertilizer retention and less fertilizer. The plough layer and the following soil layer are sandy soil, which is easy to leak and leak. The amount of fertilizer is large; the plough layer is clay soil, and the ventilating water permeability is poor, which is not conducive to the absorption of fertilizer by plants, and the amount of fertilizer is small. Before fertilization, mud-sanded sand should be used for sandy soil, and clay soil should be modified by sand-mixed clay.
Red soil and acid sandy soil are prone to deficiency of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, fertilization is mainly phosphorus and potassium, brown soil is easy to lack nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer, and fertilization is mainly nitrogen and phosphorus. The sandy soil has good ventilation and water permeability, and is easy to apply semi-decomposed organic fertilizer. The clay soil is easy to apply and fertilize organic fertilizer.
2. Soil organic matter:
Nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil are basically in an organic state, and the soil organic matter can provide nutrients for the plants. Soil organic matter can increase the structure of the aggregate, enhance the water retention and fertilizer retention of the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, improve the venting water permeability, adsorb nutrients and improve the fertilizer utilization rate. Soil organic matter is also an energy source for microbial activity, which can absorb and decompose toxic substances and improve the soil environment.
3. Climate factors:
The temperature and soil temperature are suitable, the seedlings grow fast, and the amount of fertilizer is large. High temperature and high humidity, seedlings grow slowly, requiring less fertilizer. The autumn temperature and soil temperature are suitable, which is the second growth peak of plant roots. The fertilized organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium inorganic fertilizer can make the flower grow robust, promote flower bud differentiation and improve flower quality. It is not advisable to apply nitrogen fertilizer in autumn, which is easy to cause plants to grow and reduce cold resistance.
4. Flower and tree characteristics:
Scientific and reasonable fertilization should be based on the fertilizer characteristics of plants and the law of fertilizer absorption. For plants that require a large amount of fertilizer, plants that require a large amount of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium should be fertilized.
Plants need different amounts of fertilizer in different growing seasons. In the middle and late stages of flower and tree plant growth in autumn, it is necessary to apply less nitrogen fertilizer and apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote the growth of flower roots and plant robustness.
Second, the type and characteristics of fertilizer
At present, fertilization of nursery flowers and trees is dominated by organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and biological fertilizers. Mixing and applying various types of fertilizers can improve fertilizer efficiency.
1. Organic fertilizer:
Any fertilizer that has nutrients in the form of organic compounds is called organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizers have a full range of nutrients, a large number of elements and trace elements, and long-lasting fertilizers.
Organic fertilizers are mainly manure, compost, cake fertilizer, poultry and humic acid fertilizers.
2. Inorganic fertilizer:
Any fertilizer in which nutrient elements exist in the form of inorganic compounds is called inorganic fertilizer. Inorganic fertilizers have a single nutrient and fast fertilizer efficiency.
Inorganic fertilizers mainly include urea, ammonium phosphate, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and boron fertilizer.
3. Biological fertilizer:
Bio-fertilizer is a fertilizer made from various beneficial microorganisms, also called bacterial fertilizer, which can improve soil physical and chemical properties and improve fertilizer utilization.
Biological fertilizers mainly include nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer, rhizobium fertilizer, phosphorus bacterial fertilizer, and "5406" antibiotic fertilizer.
Third, fertilization technology
Fertilization methods include base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, top dressing, and top dressing. Fertilization techniques include application rates, application concentrations, methods of administration, and the like.
1. Base fertilizer and application:
The base fertilizer is a fertilizer that is applied to the soil in combination with the soil before planting or planting. General organic fertilizers such as human and animal waste, compost, cake fertilizer, etc. can be regarded as base fertilizer. Generally speaking, the base fertilizer is a fertilizer that is mixed with organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer or biological fertilizer. The base fertilizer and the base fertilizer are generally applied in combination with tillage in autumn, saving labor and time, and the growth effect of the spring flower is good.
(1) The amount of base fertilizer varies depending on soil physical and chemical properties, plant varieties and fertilizer types. The sandy soil should be applied more, and the clay soil should be applied less; the flowers and trees of the base fertilizer should be applied more, and vice versa. Generally, the amount of base fertilizer accounts for about 50% of the total fertilization amount. Under normal circumstances, per mu of animal manure (usually cow dung) 2500 to 3000 kg, manure fertilizer 3000 to 3500 kg, cake fertilizer 150 to 200 kg.
(2) Fertilization method A. Spreading: Spread the fertilizer evenly on the surface before planting or planting, and apply it to the soil in combination with tillage.
B. Ditch application: Also called strip application, ditch between the rows of flowers and trees, and apply the fertilizer evenly into the ditch.
C. Acupoint application: Dig a hole in the vicinity of the seed or plant to apply fertilizer.
D. Annular groove application: In the area outside the plant crown, the root group is distributed, and one or two annular grooves are dug, and the fertilizer is applied into the ditch.
E. Radiation Ditch Application: Take the base of the plant as the center, dig a few radial grooves 50 cm from the base, and apply the fertilizer into the ditch.
F. Layered application: Combine farming to apply the fertilizer to the bottom, middle and surface layers of the soil.
2. Fertilizer and application:
Fertilizer applied before sowing, cutting or planting. When planting, 3 to 5 kg of urea per acre is used, and the root of the root may be ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate or potassium sulfate at a concentration of 0.5% to 2%.
3. Top dressing and application:
Top dressing is a fertilizer that is applied during plant growth.
(1) Topdressing dosage: It depends on the soil fertility and the characteristics of plant growth and development. In autumn, the growth of flowers and trees is slow, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be the main factors to promote the growth of flower roots, robust plants and improve resistance.
(2) Topdressing method: Topdressing can be applied, applied, and applied.
A. The fertilizer application rate is high, and the phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer have poor mobility in the soil, and can be used in a concentrated manner to save fertilizer.
B. Sassan: Before the plant is planted, it is mixed with organic fertilizer to make the base fertilizer.
4. Root dressing:
The top dressing is also called foliar spray fertilizer, that is, the chemical fertilizer is sprayed directly into the leaves and absorbed by the plant pores. The root-dressing fertilizer has quick fertilizer efficiency and high absorption rate.
(1) The applied amount of top dressing should be suitable. If the concentration is too small, the absorption is small, and the fertilizer effect on the plant is low; if the concentration is too large, the leaves will be burned, which will affect the normal growth of the plant. Generally, the urea application concentration is from 0.1% to 0.2% in seedling stage, from 0.3% to 1% in strong seedling stage, from 0.1% to 0.3% in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and from 0.1% to 0.3% in borax.
(2) Application method A. In the autumn, nitrogen fertilizer is not applied or applied in general.
B. Both sides of the blade should be sprayed, and there should be more leaves on the back. It is better to spray the leaves with fog.
C. Choose cloudy or sunny morning or evening, spray when there is no wind.
D. Spray once every 5 to 7 days, preferably 3 to 4 times in a row.
E. Acidic fertilizers cannot be mixed with alkaline fertilizers.
Author: Zheng Shirong Source: China Daily Flower
I. Factors affecting fertilization in nursery
1. Soil texture:
Soil texture has a significant effect on soil fertility. The plough layer is light loam and the lower layer is clay soil. It has good water retention and fertilizer retention and less fertilizer. The plough layer and the following soil layer are sandy soil, which is easy to leak and leak. The amount of fertilizer is large; the plough layer is clay soil, and the ventilating water permeability is poor, which is not conducive to the absorption of fertilizer by plants, and the amount of fertilizer is small. Before fertilization, mud-sanded sand should be used for sandy soil, and clay soil should be modified by sand-mixed clay.
Red soil and acid sandy soil are prone to deficiency of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, fertilization is mainly phosphorus and potassium, brown soil is easy to lack nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer, and fertilization is mainly nitrogen and phosphorus. The sandy soil has good ventilation and water permeability, and is easy to apply semi-decomposed organic fertilizer. The clay soil is easy to apply and fertilize organic fertilizer.
2. Soil organic matter:
Nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil are basically in an organic state, and the soil organic matter can provide nutrients for the plants. Soil organic matter can increase the structure of the aggregate, enhance the water retention and fertilizer retention of the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, improve the venting water permeability, adsorb nutrients and improve the fertilizer utilization rate. Soil organic matter is also an energy source for microbial activity, which can absorb and decompose toxic substances and improve the soil environment.
3. Climate factors:
The temperature and soil temperature are suitable, the seedlings grow fast, and the amount of fertilizer is large. High temperature and high humidity, seedlings grow slowly, requiring less fertilizer. The autumn temperature and soil temperature are suitable, which is the second growth peak of plant roots. The fertilized organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium inorganic fertilizer can make the flower grow robust, promote flower bud differentiation and improve flower quality. It is not advisable to apply nitrogen fertilizer in autumn, which is easy to cause plants to grow and reduce cold resistance.
4. Flower and tree characteristics:
Scientific and reasonable fertilization should be based on the fertilizer characteristics of plants and the law of fertilizer absorption. For plants that require a large amount of fertilizer, plants that require a large amount of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium should be fertilized.
Plants need different amounts of fertilizer in different growing seasons. In the middle and late stages of flower and tree plant growth in autumn, it is necessary to apply less nitrogen fertilizer and apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote the growth of flower roots and plant robustness.
Second, the type and characteristics of fertilizer
At present, fertilization of nursery flowers and trees is dominated by organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and biological fertilizers. Mixing and applying various types of fertilizers can improve fertilizer efficiency.
1. Organic fertilizer:
Any fertilizer that has nutrients in the form of organic compounds is called organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizers have a full range of nutrients, a large number of elements and trace elements, and long-lasting fertilizers.
Organic fertilizers are mainly manure, compost, cake fertilizer, poultry and humic acid fertilizers.
2. Inorganic fertilizer:
Any fertilizer in which nutrient elements exist in the form of inorganic compounds is called inorganic fertilizer. Inorganic fertilizers have a single nutrient and fast fertilizer efficiency.
Inorganic fertilizers mainly include urea, ammonium phosphate, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and boron fertilizer.
3. Biological fertilizer:
Bio-fertilizer is a fertilizer made from various beneficial microorganisms, also called bacterial fertilizer, which can improve soil physical and chemical properties and improve fertilizer utilization.
Biological fertilizers mainly include nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer, rhizobium fertilizer, phosphorus bacterial fertilizer, and "5406" antibiotic fertilizer.
Third, fertilization technology
Fertilization methods include base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, top dressing, and top dressing. Fertilization techniques include application rates, application concentrations, methods of administration, and the like.
1. Base fertilizer and application:
The base fertilizer is a fertilizer that is applied to the soil in combination with the soil before planting or planting. General organic fertilizers such as human and animal waste, compost, cake fertilizer, etc. can be regarded as base fertilizer. Generally speaking, the base fertilizer is a fertilizer that is mixed with organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer or biological fertilizer. The base fertilizer and the base fertilizer are generally applied in combination with tillage in autumn, saving labor and time, and the growth effect of the spring flower is good.
(1) The amount of base fertilizer varies depending on soil physical and chemical properties, plant varieties and fertilizer types. The sandy soil should be applied more, and the clay soil should be applied less; the flowers and trees of the base fertilizer should be applied more, and vice versa. Generally, the amount of base fertilizer accounts for about 50% of the total fertilization amount. Under normal circumstances, per mu of animal manure (usually cow dung) 2500 to 3000 kg, manure fertilizer 3000 to 3500 kg, cake fertilizer 150 to 200 kg.
(2) Fertilization method A. Spreading: Spread the fertilizer evenly on the surface before planting or planting, and apply it to the soil in combination with tillage.
B. Ditch application: Also called strip application, ditch between the rows of flowers and trees, and apply the fertilizer evenly into the ditch.
C. Acupoint application: Dig a hole in the vicinity of the seed or plant to apply fertilizer.
D. Annular groove application: In the area outside the plant crown, the root group is distributed, and one or two annular grooves are dug, and the fertilizer is applied into the ditch.
E. Radiation Ditch Application: Take the base of the plant as the center, dig a few radial grooves 50 cm from the base, and apply the fertilizer into the ditch.
F. Layered application: Combine farming to apply the fertilizer to the bottom, middle and surface layers of the soil.
2. Fertilizer and application:
Fertilizer applied before sowing, cutting or planting. When planting, 3 to 5 kg of urea per acre is used, and the root of the root may be ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate or potassium sulfate at a concentration of 0.5% to 2%.
3. Top dressing and application:
Top dressing is a fertilizer that is applied during plant growth.
(1) Topdressing dosage: It depends on the soil fertility and the characteristics of plant growth and development. In autumn, the growth of flowers and trees is slow, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be the main factors to promote the growth of flower roots, robust plants and improve resistance.
(2) Topdressing method: Topdressing can be applied, applied, and applied.
A. The fertilizer application rate is high, and the phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer have poor mobility in the soil, and can be used in a concentrated manner to save fertilizer.
B. Sassan: Before the plant is planted, it is mixed with organic fertilizer to make the base fertilizer.
4. Root dressing:
The top dressing is also called foliar spray fertilizer, that is, the chemical fertilizer is sprayed directly into the leaves and absorbed by the plant pores. The root-dressing fertilizer has quick fertilizer efficiency and high absorption rate.
(1) The applied amount of top dressing should be suitable. If the concentration is too small, the absorption is small, and the fertilizer effect on the plant is low; if the concentration is too large, the leaves will be burned, which will affect the normal growth of the plant. Generally, the urea application concentration is from 0.1% to 0.2% in seedling stage, from 0.3% to 1% in strong seedling stage, from 0.1% to 0.3% in potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and from 0.1% to 0.3% in borax.
(2) Application method A. In the autumn, nitrogen fertilizer is not applied or applied in general.
B. Both sides of the blade should be sprayed, and there should be more leaves on the back. It is better to spray the leaves with fog.
C. Choose cloudy or sunny morning or evening, spray when there is no wind.
D. Spray once every 5 to 7 days, preferably 3 to 4 times in a row.
E. Acidic fertilizers cannot be mixed with alkaline fertilizers.
Author: Zheng Shirong Source: China Daily Flower
ã€Comment】 ã€Print this article】 ã€Close this page】 ã€Large, medium and small】
Pvc Doors,Solid Pvc Door,Pvc Bifold Door,Pvc Concertina Doors
Foshan QI'AN Fireproof Shutter Doors Co., Ltd , https://www.qianfiredoors.com