In the next five years, the biodiesel industry will face the macro environment of oil and gas quality reform, reasonable reduction of comprehensive cost of real economy enterprises, improvement of profitability, introduction and implementation of national six or higher oil standards, and stricter environmental protection standards. Start with all aspects of the industry chain and consider the policy framework of the industry.
From the perspective of raw materials, waste oils such as waste oil are one of the raw materials for biodiesel. The problem of waste oil and other waste oils returning to the table and the use of waste oil as feed oil directly or indirectly affect food safety. At present, from the responsibilities of the ministries and commissions under the State Council, it is not clear which ministry is responsible for supervising the safety of waste oils. It is necessary to clarify the responsibilities of the relevant ministries in a timely manner, and ensure that the specialized departments of the relevant ministries are responsible for this and avoid a regulatory vacuum. Strictly control the waste oil such as the ditch oil to return the edible oil and the feed oil, and the raw material of the biodiesel is guaranteed.
The National Development and Reform Commission has established five in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 respectively in the pastures of grease traps and kitchen wastes, such as waste oil and swill oil. A total of 100 food waste utilization and harmless treatment pilot cities were approved. However, due to the lack of effective docking with biodiesel producers, there is a problem that waste oil cannot be rationally utilized, and there will also be hot pot restaurants such as Wenzhou Dalongyu. A case where waste oil is blended into edible oil. In the next step, the kitchen waste treatment demonstration city should be seamlessly connected with biodiesel production, and the waste oil specification should be introduced into the biodiesel industry as a necessary condition for the approved demonstration city. Without this condition, it will not be approved as a demonstration kitchen for food waste. After the safety of the waste oil impact food is gradually eliminated, the biodiesel will be further regulated to flow to other industries.
Oily wild tree seeds are another source of biodiesel raw materials. During the period from the end of the 10th Five-Year Plan to the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the national and local forestry departments and related companies established a number of large-scale wild oil-bearing tree planting bases and developed Coptis Wood, Wenguoguo, Jatropha, Shili and many other varieties. However, the progress in forest management, seed harvesting, and oil extraction has been slow, and wild oily tree seeds have not become one of the practical raw materials for biodiesel. After more than ten years of cultivation, these forestry resources can already play a role. We should actively fill in the shortcomings and incorporate wild tree seed resources into the biodiesel industry to realize the diversification of biodiesel varieties.
There are many misunderstandings about the quality of biodiesel. At present, in the field of biodiesel quality testing, the National Petroleum and Petrochemical Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Guangdong) (Xinjiang) and other institutions can detect. The oil product system tends to have two testing centers inside the system, but the petroleum and petrochemical system lacks enthusiasm for the biodiesel testing of private enterprises, and the detection report issued outside the system is not highly recognized. The biodiesel system lacks the national quality supervision and inspection center of the system. That is to say, the biodiesel produced by the biodiesel plant has good quality and meets the national standard. The distribution of the National Petroleum and Petrochemical Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center lacks the rationality of the distribution of different systems. The next step is to establish a national petroleum and petrochemical product quality supervision and inspection center within the biodiesel system to ensure the quality of biodiesel and promote public understanding of the quality of biodiesel. Increase the trust of petroleum and petrochemical systems in the quality of biodiesel and promote the healthy development of the industry.
Regarding the construction of biodiesel standards, the existing "biodiesel for diesel fuel blending (BD100)" (GB/T 20828-2015) has been seriously lagging behind. China has developed biodiesel with a freezing point of -30 degrees, -40 degrees, and -50 degrees. According to the national five diesel standard, biodiesel is classified into a freezing point of not higher than 5 according to the freezing point (including cold filter point). Degrees, 0 degrees, -10 degrees, -20 degrees, -35 degrees, -50 degrees and other 6 labels, but the standard has not been revised in time, limiting the development of biodiesel diesel. At the same time, the sulfur content of biodiesel has also dropped below 10 PPM, and 5 PPM biodiesel should be added in time and 50 PPM biodiesel should be eliminated. From the current institutional setup, the Petroleum Products and Lubricants Standardization Technical Committee and the Biomass Fuel Standardization Committee are set up in petrochemical and food systems, and the biodiesel system has no standard committee. It is difficult to declare revised standards. At the same time, many places are experimenting with the application of biodiesel buses. In different seasons, different temperature conditions, what grade of diesel oil is used, and what kind of biodiesel is used, there is a lack of corresponding standards, resulting in the selection of biodiesel in some cities. The high freezing point and the high condensation point of the selected diesel oil lead to blockage of the oil circuit, which has affected the enthusiasm of the demonstration applications in these cities. It is necessary to release the relevant items related to biodiesel condensation point classification standards and sulfur content standards, timely revision of B5 and other standards, and to develop B10 and B20 as soon as possible, as soon as possible, "Biodiesel for diesel fuel blending (BD100)" (GB/T 20828-2015). A higher ratio of biodiesel standards.
In the promotion of biodiesel, there is no ministry's functional department to promote the application of biodiesel as its division of responsibilities, formulate work plans and supervise implementation, and biodiesel promotion has become a volunteer service. For the problems and solutions encountered in the construction and promotion of biodiesel application demonstration zones or points, there is a lack of mechanisms and channels for communication with local governments and oil-related central enterprises. It is not possible to timely report macro-common issues involving institutional mechanisms to the State Council; Up to now, the Office of Energy Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has set up a methanol promotion application office, and it is possible to consider promoting biodiesel together with methanol. In the already qualified conditions of Qingdao, Yunnan, Hainan and the more serious pollution, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta will promote the establishment of biodiesel closure demonstration zones. Biodiesel is easier to accept than methanol users and is less difficult to promote.
The Renewable Energy Law and the National Biodiesel Industry Development Plan have greatly promoted the development of the biodiesel industry. However, with the development of the environmental protection situation and oil and gas reform, it is necessary to increase the quantitative and measurable indicators, including the total amount of biodiesel production, the total consumption, and the appropriate proportion in petrochemical diesel. At the same time, it is necessary to extensively solicit opinions from relevant petroleum, petrochemical enterprises and biodiesel companies to ensure that biodiesel can enter petrochemical diesel in an appropriate proportion.
In coordinating the relationship between petroleum and petrochemicals and biodiesel, attention should be paid to increasing the lubricity of petrochemical diesel and improving the power, economy and emission reduction of petrochemical diesel in the plateau.
After hydrogenation of diesel oil, the sulfur content and nitrogen content are reduced, the lubricity of diesel oil is deteriorated, and the diesel oil fraction without diesel oil is improved by WS1.4 of 460-700 micrometers or more in Guosan, Guosi and Guojiu diesel. In the standard, an indicator of lubricity is required to correct the wear scar diameter (60 degrees) to not more than 460 μm and test according to SH/T0765. Improved lubricity and reduced wear spots can achieve both fuel economy and reduced emissions. Experiments have shown that in the correction of the wear scar diameter (60 degrees) in the 601-700 micron diesel fraction, adding 2% biodiesel, the wear spot diameter can be reduced to 360 microns. Here, the addition of biodiesel to the national diesel fuel has a fuel-saving effect. It is contradictory that the calorific value of biodiesel is slightly lower than that of Guowu Diesel. The low calorific value will lead to an increase in fuel consumption, but due to the addition of biodiesel, Guowu The lubricity of diesel is improved, resulting in a decrease in fuel consumption. The fuel economy effect due to improved lubricity has exceeded the increase in fuel consumption due to lower calorific value, and the overall performance is fuel economy. Taking into account the overall situation of China's oil products and the status quo of environmental pollution, the National Sixth and later standards can determine the corrected wear scar diameter (60 degrees) below 360 microns.
On the other hand, in the plateau areas such as Yunguichuan and Zangxin, the combustion of diesel is incomplete due to the decrease of oxygen content in the air. The poorer the lubricity of diesel, the worse the power, and the moderate addition of biodiesel can effectively increase the oil. Oxygen content improves lubricity, reduces emissions, and improves power. There are no oil standards and military oil standards that are suitable for highland areas in China. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate diesel standards applicable to plateau areas in a timely manner, including the proportion of biodiesel added, emission standards, etc., to prevent ordinary diesel from polluting the atmosphere of the plateau due to high emissions. At the same time, it is necessary to prepare suitable oil products for military vehicles in the plateau area in preparation for the war, so as to prepare for the rainy day.
Regarding the fiscal and taxation policies of the biodiesel industry, before July 1, 2015, the “Notice on the Comprehensive Utilization of Resources and Other Product Value-added Tax Policies†(Cai Shui [2008] No. 156) was implemented, which was first retreated and some local governments were financially troubled. , can not be refunded for many years. From July 1, 2015, the implementation of the "Special Catalogue of Value-added Taxes on Comprehensive Utilization of Products and Labor Services" (Cai Shui [2015] No. 78) will be refunded immediately and refunded 70%. Considering the practical effects of the biodiesel industry on food safety, environmental protection and other aspects, as well as the fact that the waste oil collection enterprises have no invoices, etc., it is possible to consider resuming the implementation of the 100% VAT refund principle and change the “first move back†to “return immediately†".
About the qualification and pricing of biodiesel wholesale and retail. Article 21 of the “Biodiesel Industry Development Policy†stipulates that “biodiesel blending enterprises shall have the qualification for wholesale oil products, and biodiesel blending fuel sales enterprises shall have the qualifications for wholesale and/or retail operations of refined oil productsâ€; 2006) No. 23 “Management Measures for Refined Oil Markets†stipulates that biodiesel belongs to refined oil. However, due to the current size of China's biodiesel enterprises is less than 100,000 tons, China's biodiesel enterprises can not meet the qualification of wholesale oil products. According to the conditions of the enterprise applying for the qualification of refined oil storage and storage in Article 9 of the “Administrative Measures for Refined Oil Marketsâ€, the hard requirements for the wholesale, retail and warehousing of refined oil products as stipulated in the documents are for oil refineries with fossil resources as the mainstay. It can be achieved, but for biodiesel companies, it is obviously difficult to meet these requirements, which is one of the main reasons for the current sales difficulties of biodiesel companies.
The Petroleum Price Management Measures (Trial) (Development and Reform Price [2009] No. 1198) refers to oil including crude oil and refined oils such as gasoline, diesel, aviation kerosene and aviation gasoline, which are refining from crude oil, and no biodiesel. While the refined oil production and operation enterprises adjust the ex-factory price, supply price, wholesale price and retail price of steam and diesel, they will copy the specific plan for the price adjustment to the National Development and Reform Commission and the relevant provincial price authorities. In this way, the price of petrochemical diesel has been determined. Biodiesel has to enter the conventional sales system, and the price itself is difficult to determine. The weak biodiesel companies are not the opponents of the oil giants in terms of price negotiations. The Ministry of Commerce's "Measures for the Administration of Refined Oil Markets" and the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Petroleum Price Management Measures (Trial)" on the definition of refined oil products, so that biodiesel is extremely difficult to enter the market.
Biodiesel enterprises should establish their own wholesale, retail and warehousing systems. It is difficult to establish their own sales system because they cannot meet the specific requirements of the “Management Measures for Refined Oil Marketsâ€. Many biodiesel enterprises have applied for the establishment of gas stations. Approved. Biodiesel is going to enter the gas station system controlled by the oil giant. Since the specific price of biodiesel is not mentioned in the Oil Price Management (Trial), the oil giant has kept the price of biodiesel produced outside the oil system low. The cost of price negotiations for biodiesel companies is high. At the same time, China's oil giants also have their own biodiesel companies, but there are similar obstacles when their biodiesel enters each other's gas station system.
Wholesale, retail, and warehousing are not available. Entering the oil giant gas station system, due to the lack of clear pricing, there are obstacles in the market where biodiesel enters the petroleum and petrochemical system. In this regard, the definition of the price of biodiesel can be clearly defined, and the pricing rules for bioethanol can be referred to in Article 14 of the Petroleum Price Management Measures (Trial).
Applicable to logistics parks, bus companies and factories and mines, armored gas stations and rural gas stations are two feasible channels for biodiesel to enter the market, and relevant policies need to be further clarified.
About inland ports, long-distance passenger and cargo transport vehicles, and urban public transport applications for biodiesel. Ships Engine Exhaust Pollutant Emission Limits and Measurement Methods (China's First and Second Phases) require ships with Chinese ships to sail or operate in China's waters (such as river trade vessels, coastal vessels, rivers and seas direct ships, strait ferries, and For marine engines with a rated net power of more than 37 kW, ordinary diesel oil that meets the GB252 standard shall be used, and marine residual oil shall not be used; marine vessels may use marine distillates with a sulfur content not exceeding 1000 ppm. This applies to newly produced ships and also to all ships in use. The engine of a small vessel with a rated net power not exceeding 37 kW implements the non-road mobile machinery emission standard (GB20891). The Ministry of Communications also promotes clean fuels such as liquefied natural gas in the inland waterway, and biodiesel should be promoted together. At the same time, it is necessary to consider the need for cleaner fuels for inter-provincial long-distance trucks and passenger vehicles entering large cities. For trucks, on August 21, 2017, the Beijing Municipal Transportation Commission, the Environmental Protection Bureau and the Public Security Traffic Administration jointly issued the “Notice on Traffic Management Measures for Some Cargo Vehicles to Reduce Pollutant Emissionsâ€: Beijing Licensed Trucks at 6 o'clock every day It is forbidden to enter the Fifth Ring Road until 23:00, and it is forbidden to enter the Sixth Ring Road from 6 to 24 hours every day. Two years later, the National III diesel truck will be completely banned within the Beijing Sixth Ring Road. For long-distance passenger vehicles should be considered together.
China has carried out demonstration and application of biodiesel in Shanghai, Kunming and Haikou, and achieved good environmental effects. This measure should be further promoted in 33 provincial capital cities, gradually extended to prefecture-level cities, and established a demonstration model of waste oil-----biodiesel----bus application, so that the public can recognize and accept this kind of Green development model.
It should be pointed out that industrial policies require government departments to participate in the translation of academic research results into government documents, and are supervised by government departments. The role of the government department is crucial here. Without the participation of government departments, the thinking of scholars is only a kind of thinking and cannot be a government document. Without the specific administrative actions of government departments, these policies will become a piece of paper. These industrial policies are distributed in all aspects of the functions of government departments, including: comprehensive utilization of resources in the development and reform departments, quality management of quality supervision, inspection and quarantine departments, industrial standards of standardization management departments, food safety supervision of food and drug supervision and administration departments, and environmental protection departments. Standards development, scientific and technological progress and equipment development in the energy sector, promotion of alcohol ether esters in the petroleum and petrochemical, industrial and information sectors, refined oil management in the commercial sector, finance, taxation, forestry, etc.; these departments are required to clarify their division of responsibilities, For the intersection of duties between departments and the gaps between departments, the organization department needs to clarify the position of departments and responsibilities in a timely manner to avoid the impact of industrial development due to the establishment of government agencies. The biodiesel production and use departments should strengthen communication with these government departments. The government departments should strengthen the study and research on the industry and learn from each other, so as to form a joint force and create a good situation for the rapid and healthy development of the industry.
(The author is a national biodiesel technology innovation strategy alliance (funding) consultant)
From the perspective of raw materials, waste oils such as waste oil are one of the raw materials for biodiesel. The problem of waste oil and other waste oils returning to the table and the use of waste oil as feed oil directly or indirectly affect food safety. At present, from the responsibilities of the ministries and commissions under the State Council, it is not clear which ministry is responsible for supervising the safety of waste oils. It is necessary to clarify the responsibilities of the relevant ministries in a timely manner, and ensure that the specialized departments of the relevant ministries are responsible for this and avoid a regulatory vacuum. Strictly control the waste oil such as the ditch oil to return the edible oil and the feed oil, and the raw material of the biodiesel is guaranteed.
The National Development and Reform Commission has established five in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 respectively in the pastures of grease traps and kitchen wastes, such as waste oil and swill oil. A total of 100 food waste utilization and harmless treatment pilot cities were approved. However, due to the lack of effective docking with biodiesel producers, there is a problem that waste oil cannot be rationally utilized, and there will also be hot pot restaurants such as Wenzhou Dalongyu. A case where waste oil is blended into edible oil. In the next step, the kitchen waste treatment demonstration city should be seamlessly connected with biodiesel production, and the waste oil specification should be introduced into the biodiesel industry as a necessary condition for the approved demonstration city. Without this condition, it will not be approved as a demonstration kitchen for food waste. After the safety of the waste oil impact food is gradually eliminated, the biodiesel will be further regulated to flow to other industries.
Oily wild tree seeds are another source of biodiesel raw materials. During the period from the end of the 10th Five-Year Plan to the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the national and local forestry departments and related companies established a number of large-scale wild oil-bearing tree planting bases and developed Coptis Wood, Wenguoguo, Jatropha, Shili and many other varieties. However, the progress in forest management, seed harvesting, and oil extraction has been slow, and wild oily tree seeds have not become one of the practical raw materials for biodiesel. After more than ten years of cultivation, these forestry resources can already play a role. We should actively fill in the shortcomings and incorporate wild tree seed resources into the biodiesel industry to realize the diversification of biodiesel varieties.
There are many misunderstandings about the quality of biodiesel. At present, in the field of biodiesel quality testing, the National Petroleum and Petrochemical Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Guangdong) (Xinjiang) and other institutions can detect. The oil product system tends to have two testing centers inside the system, but the petroleum and petrochemical system lacks enthusiasm for the biodiesel testing of private enterprises, and the detection report issued outside the system is not highly recognized. The biodiesel system lacks the national quality supervision and inspection center of the system. That is to say, the biodiesel produced by the biodiesel plant has good quality and meets the national standard. The distribution of the National Petroleum and Petrochemical Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center lacks the rationality of the distribution of different systems. The next step is to establish a national petroleum and petrochemical product quality supervision and inspection center within the biodiesel system to ensure the quality of biodiesel and promote public understanding of the quality of biodiesel. Increase the trust of petroleum and petrochemical systems in the quality of biodiesel and promote the healthy development of the industry.
Regarding the construction of biodiesel standards, the existing "biodiesel for diesel fuel blending (BD100)" (GB/T 20828-2015) has been seriously lagging behind. China has developed biodiesel with a freezing point of -30 degrees, -40 degrees, and -50 degrees. According to the national five diesel standard, biodiesel is classified into a freezing point of not higher than 5 according to the freezing point (including cold filter point). Degrees, 0 degrees, -10 degrees, -20 degrees, -35 degrees, -50 degrees and other 6 labels, but the standard has not been revised in time, limiting the development of biodiesel diesel. At the same time, the sulfur content of biodiesel has also dropped below 10 PPM, and 5 PPM biodiesel should be added in time and 50 PPM biodiesel should be eliminated. From the current institutional setup, the Petroleum Products and Lubricants Standardization Technical Committee and the Biomass Fuel Standardization Committee are set up in petrochemical and food systems, and the biodiesel system has no standard committee. It is difficult to declare revised standards. At the same time, many places are experimenting with the application of biodiesel buses. In different seasons, different temperature conditions, what grade of diesel oil is used, and what kind of biodiesel is used, there is a lack of corresponding standards, resulting in the selection of biodiesel in some cities. The high freezing point and the high condensation point of the selected diesel oil lead to blockage of the oil circuit, which has affected the enthusiasm of the demonstration applications in these cities. It is necessary to release the relevant items related to biodiesel condensation point classification standards and sulfur content standards, timely revision of B5 and other standards, and to develop B10 and B20 as soon as possible, as soon as possible, "Biodiesel for diesel fuel blending (BD100)" (GB/T 20828-2015). A higher ratio of biodiesel standards.
In the promotion of biodiesel, there is no ministry's functional department to promote the application of biodiesel as its division of responsibilities, formulate work plans and supervise implementation, and biodiesel promotion has become a volunteer service. For the problems and solutions encountered in the construction and promotion of biodiesel application demonstration zones or points, there is a lack of mechanisms and channels for communication with local governments and oil-related central enterprises. It is not possible to timely report macro-common issues involving institutional mechanisms to the State Council; Up to now, the Office of Energy Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has set up a methanol promotion application office, and it is possible to consider promoting biodiesel together with methanol. In the already qualified conditions of Qingdao, Yunnan, Hainan and the more serious pollution, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta will promote the establishment of biodiesel closure demonstration zones. Biodiesel is easier to accept than methanol users and is less difficult to promote.
The Renewable Energy Law and the National Biodiesel Industry Development Plan have greatly promoted the development of the biodiesel industry. However, with the development of the environmental protection situation and oil and gas reform, it is necessary to increase the quantitative and measurable indicators, including the total amount of biodiesel production, the total consumption, and the appropriate proportion in petrochemical diesel. At the same time, it is necessary to extensively solicit opinions from relevant petroleum, petrochemical enterprises and biodiesel companies to ensure that biodiesel can enter petrochemical diesel in an appropriate proportion.
In coordinating the relationship between petroleum and petrochemicals and biodiesel, attention should be paid to increasing the lubricity of petrochemical diesel and improving the power, economy and emission reduction of petrochemical diesel in the plateau.
After hydrogenation of diesel oil, the sulfur content and nitrogen content are reduced, the lubricity of diesel oil is deteriorated, and the diesel oil fraction without diesel oil is improved by WS1.4 of 460-700 micrometers or more in Guosan, Guosi and Guojiu diesel. In the standard, an indicator of lubricity is required to correct the wear scar diameter (60 degrees) to not more than 460 μm and test according to SH/T0765. Improved lubricity and reduced wear spots can achieve both fuel economy and reduced emissions. Experiments have shown that in the correction of the wear scar diameter (60 degrees) in the 601-700 micron diesel fraction, adding 2% biodiesel, the wear spot diameter can be reduced to 360 microns. Here, the addition of biodiesel to the national diesel fuel has a fuel-saving effect. It is contradictory that the calorific value of biodiesel is slightly lower than that of Guowu Diesel. The low calorific value will lead to an increase in fuel consumption, but due to the addition of biodiesel, Guowu The lubricity of diesel is improved, resulting in a decrease in fuel consumption. The fuel economy effect due to improved lubricity has exceeded the increase in fuel consumption due to lower calorific value, and the overall performance is fuel economy. Taking into account the overall situation of China's oil products and the status quo of environmental pollution, the National Sixth and later standards can determine the corrected wear scar diameter (60 degrees) below 360 microns.
On the other hand, in the plateau areas such as Yunguichuan and Zangxin, the combustion of diesel is incomplete due to the decrease of oxygen content in the air. The poorer the lubricity of diesel, the worse the power, and the moderate addition of biodiesel can effectively increase the oil. Oxygen content improves lubricity, reduces emissions, and improves power. There are no oil standards and military oil standards that are suitable for highland areas in China. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate diesel standards applicable to plateau areas in a timely manner, including the proportion of biodiesel added, emission standards, etc., to prevent ordinary diesel from polluting the atmosphere of the plateau due to high emissions. At the same time, it is necessary to prepare suitable oil products for military vehicles in the plateau area in preparation for the war, so as to prepare for the rainy day.
Regarding the fiscal and taxation policies of the biodiesel industry, before July 1, 2015, the “Notice on the Comprehensive Utilization of Resources and Other Product Value-added Tax Policies†(Cai Shui [2008] No. 156) was implemented, which was first retreated and some local governments were financially troubled. , can not be refunded for many years. From July 1, 2015, the implementation of the "Special Catalogue of Value-added Taxes on Comprehensive Utilization of Products and Labor Services" (Cai Shui [2015] No. 78) will be refunded immediately and refunded 70%. Considering the practical effects of the biodiesel industry on food safety, environmental protection and other aspects, as well as the fact that the waste oil collection enterprises have no invoices, etc., it is possible to consider resuming the implementation of the 100% VAT refund principle and change the “first move back†to “return immediately†".
About the qualification and pricing of biodiesel wholesale and retail. Article 21 of the “Biodiesel Industry Development Policy†stipulates that “biodiesel blending enterprises shall have the qualification for wholesale oil products, and biodiesel blending fuel sales enterprises shall have the qualifications for wholesale and/or retail operations of refined oil productsâ€; 2006) No. 23 “Management Measures for Refined Oil Markets†stipulates that biodiesel belongs to refined oil. However, due to the current size of China's biodiesel enterprises is less than 100,000 tons, China's biodiesel enterprises can not meet the qualification of wholesale oil products. According to the conditions of the enterprise applying for the qualification of refined oil storage and storage in Article 9 of the “Administrative Measures for Refined Oil Marketsâ€, the hard requirements for the wholesale, retail and warehousing of refined oil products as stipulated in the documents are for oil refineries with fossil resources as the mainstay. It can be achieved, but for biodiesel companies, it is obviously difficult to meet these requirements, which is one of the main reasons for the current sales difficulties of biodiesel companies.
The Petroleum Price Management Measures (Trial) (Development and Reform Price [2009] No. 1198) refers to oil including crude oil and refined oils such as gasoline, diesel, aviation kerosene and aviation gasoline, which are refining from crude oil, and no biodiesel. While the refined oil production and operation enterprises adjust the ex-factory price, supply price, wholesale price and retail price of steam and diesel, they will copy the specific plan for the price adjustment to the National Development and Reform Commission and the relevant provincial price authorities. In this way, the price of petrochemical diesel has been determined. Biodiesel has to enter the conventional sales system, and the price itself is difficult to determine. The weak biodiesel companies are not the opponents of the oil giants in terms of price negotiations. The Ministry of Commerce's "Measures for the Administration of Refined Oil Markets" and the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Petroleum Price Management Measures (Trial)" on the definition of refined oil products, so that biodiesel is extremely difficult to enter the market.
Biodiesel enterprises should establish their own wholesale, retail and warehousing systems. It is difficult to establish their own sales system because they cannot meet the specific requirements of the “Management Measures for Refined Oil Marketsâ€. Many biodiesel enterprises have applied for the establishment of gas stations. Approved. Biodiesel is going to enter the gas station system controlled by the oil giant. Since the specific price of biodiesel is not mentioned in the Oil Price Management (Trial), the oil giant has kept the price of biodiesel produced outside the oil system low. The cost of price negotiations for biodiesel companies is high. At the same time, China's oil giants also have their own biodiesel companies, but there are similar obstacles when their biodiesel enters each other's gas station system.
Wholesale, retail, and warehousing are not available. Entering the oil giant gas station system, due to the lack of clear pricing, there are obstacles in the market where biodiesel enters the petroleum and petrochemical system. In this regard, the definition of the price of biodiesel can be clearly defined, and the pricing rules for bioethanol can be referred to in Article 14 of the Petroleum Price Management Measures (Trial).
Applicable to logistics parks, bus companies and factories and mines, armored gas stations and rural gas stations are two feasible channels for biodiesel to enter the market, and relevant policies need to be further clarified.
About inland ports, long-distance passenger and cargo transport vehicles, and urban public transport applications for biodiesel. Ships Engine Exhaust Pollutant Emission Limits and Measurement Methods (China's First and Second Phases) require ships with Chinese ships to sail or operate in China's waters (such as river trade vessels, coastal vessels, rivers and seas direct ships, strait ferries, and For marine engines with a rated net power of more than 37 kW, ordinary diesel oil that meets the GB252 standard shall be used, and marine residual oil shall not be used; marine vessels may use marine distillates with a sulfur content not exceeding 1000 ppm. This applies to newly produced ships and also to all ships in use. The engine of a small vessel with a rated net power not exceeding 37 kW implements the non-road mobile machinery emission standard (GB20891). The Ministry of Communications also promotes clean fuels such as liquefied natural gas in the inland waterway, and biodiesel should be promoted together. At the same time, it is necessary to consider the need for cleaner fuels for inter-provincial long-distance trucks and passenger vehicles entering large cities. For trucks, on August 21, 2017, the Beijing Municipal Transportation Commission, the Environmental Protection Bureau and the Public Security Traffic Administration jointly issued the “Notice on Traffic Management Measures for Some Cargo Vehicles to Reduce Pollutant Emissionsâ€: Beijing Licensed Trucks at 6 o'clock every day It is forbidden to enter the Fifth Ring Road until 23:00, and it is forbidden to enter the Sixth Ring Road from 6 to 24 hours every day. Two years later, the National III diesel truck will be completely banned within the Beijing Sixth Ring Road. For long-distance passenger vehicles should be considered together.
China has carried out demonstration and application of biodiesel in Shanghai, Kunming and Haikou, and achieved good environmental effects. This measure should be further promoted in 33 provincial capital cities, gradually extended to prefecture-level cities, and established a demonstration model of waste oil-----biodiesel----bus application, so that the public can recognize and accept this kind of Green development model.
It should be pointed out that industrial policies require government departments to participate in the translation of academic research results into government documents, and are supervised by government departments. The role of the government department is crucial here. Without the participation of government departments, the thinking of scholars is only a kind of thinking and cannot be a government document. Without the specific administrative actions of government departments, these policies will become a piece of paper. These industrial policies are distributed in all aspects of the functions of government departments, including: comprehensive utilization of resources in the development and reform departments, quality management of quality supervision, inspection and quarantine departments, industrial standards of standardization management departments, food safety supervision of food and drug supervision and administration departments, and environmental protection departments. Standards development, scientific and technological progress and equipment development in the energy sector, promotion of alcohol ether esters in the petroleum and petrochemical, industrial and information sectors, refined oil management in the commercial sector, finance, taxation, forestry, etc.; these departments are required to clarify their division of responsibilities, For the intersection of duties between departments and the gaps between departments, the organization department needs to clarify the position of departments and responsibilities in a timely manner to avoid the impact of industrial development due to the establishment of government agencies. The biodiesel production and use departments should strengthen communication with these government departments. The government departments should strengthen the study and research on the industry and learn from each other, so as to form a joint force and create a good situation for the rapid and healthy development of the industry.
(The author is a national biodiesel technology innovation strategy alliance (funding) consultant)
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