Statistics on Hazardous Chemical Accidents in China from 2006 to 2010

Abstract: Based on the statistical data of China's hazardous chemical accidents during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, this article analyzes the types of accidents, the area where the accident occurred, the time of the accident, the type of the company's economy, the category of dangerous chemicals, and the link of dangerous chemical accidents. The results show that poisoning and asphyxiation accidents and explosion accidents account for the major types of hazardous chemical accidents. Flammable liquids, flammable gases, explosives and corrosive substances are the main types of dangerous substances that cause hazardous chemical accidents. The production link is the occurrence of accidents. The main link, the violation of operating procedures or labor disciplines and the defective equipment accessories attachments are important causes of accidents. The prevention and control of dangerous chemical accidents have been proposed in terms of implementing the main responsibility for safe production of enterprises, raising the level of intrinsic safety, conducting major hazard source surveys, establishing safety supervision networks, strengthening the industrial layout of hazardous chemicals, and improving emergency rescue capabilities of accidents. Suggest.

Keywords: dangerous chemicals; accident prevention; statistical analysis

1 Introduction

With the rapid development of China's economy, the production and use of dangerous chemicals continues to increase. As of the end of 2010 , there were a total of 2 hazardous chemicals manufacturers across the country . 20,000 homes, producing more than 7,700 hazardous chemical species llj . In recent years, although the safe production of dangerous chemicals has continued to improve, the situation is still grave and major accidents occur from time to time. Such as the 2008 Guangxi Hechi Vinylon Group "8.26" explosion caused 2O deaths; 2009 Shandong Linyi sworn logistics "9.10" l8 explosion caused deaths; 2010 Dalian International Logistics Co., Ltd. PetroChina "7.5 l6 "pipeline crude oil tank explosion caused a large number of crude oil leak and cause a fire, the surrounding waters are seriously polluted; 2010" July 28 "Nanjing propylene pipeline deflagration accident killed 22 people j. For dangerous chemical accidents, many scholars conducted statistical analysis, and according to the characteristics of accidents, they put forward preventive measures . This article is released under the State Administration of Production Safety Supervision and Management 2006--2010 Annual Report China Chemical Safety and accident statistics Association 2007-- related accident data published in 2010 as the basis Occurrence research and analysis of the accident, the accident put forward countermeasures.

2 Analysis of the overall situation of the accident

2 . 1 Overall situation of the accident

2006--2010 year risk of chemical accidents occurred nationwide total of 490 cases, resulting in 879 deaths (as shown in Figure 1), the larger 70 accidents, the death of 310 people; 5 major accident, the death of 96 people.

Figure 1 The situation of hazardous chemical accidents in China from 2006 to 2010

From 2006 to 2010 , the number of dangerous chemical accidents and the number of deaths both showed a downward trend, and the number of accidents decreased by an average of 21 years . 5 % , the average number of accidental deaths decreased by 16 % annually . 4 % ; larger accidents and deaths are fluctuating.

2 . 2 accident category analysis

According to the category of dangerous chemical accidents, it is divided into scalding, fire,

Figure 2 The proportion of all types of accidents from 2006 to 2010

Among various types of accidents, explosion accidents ( including container explosions and other explosions ) , poisoning and suffocation accidents started from 227 and 168 respectively , accounting for 47 % and 34 % of the total number of accidents ; 519 persons were 234 deaths, accounting for 59 % and 27 % of accident deaths , are the major categories of hazardous chemical accidents. This is closely related to the physicochemical properties of hazardous chemicals and production processes.

2 . Analysis of the accident area

Among the 32 statistical units ( provinces, districts, cities and Xinjiang BINGTUAN ) in the country, there were more hazardous chemical accidents in eight regions including Jiangsu, Hubei, Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Zhejiang, Jilin , and JlI ( see Figure 3). There were 67 , 57 , 47 , 34 , 33 , 25 , 24 , and 23 , respectively, accounting for 63 % of the total number of accidents .

Figure 3 The proportion of accidents in various regions from 2006 to 2010

The number of dangerous chemical accidents in the above areas is high, and the reason for this is mainly related to the level of economic development and industrial layout in these areas. The production, transportation, and use of dangerous chemicals in these eight regions are frequent and accidents are frequent, which is a key area for strengthening the safety management of hazardous chemicals and preventing accidents.

2 . 4 Analysis of the month of the accident

Statistics show that an accident happened in February, June and July accident up (see FIG. 4), two months high temperatures, easily lead to flammable liquid evaporation and stored in a container of liquid and gas thermal expansion, thereby causing the substance Leakage, at the same time high temperature is also likely to cause the driver of hazardous chemicals vehicle drivers tired, in addition to summer rainy roads cause slippery roads, transport accidents, and should strengthen the supervision of dangerous chemicals in hot seasons.

Figure 4 Monthly statistics of accidents during 2006-2010

2 . 5 accident sub-economic analysis

In all economic types of accidents ( see Figure 5 and Figure 6) , the number of accidents and deaths of limited liability companies was the highest, accounting for 41 % and 37 % respectively , followed by the private economy, which accounted for 24 % and 26 % , respectively . The four types of economic accidents of the private economy, the joint stock limited company, and the state-owned economy accounted for 89 % and 88 % of the total accidents and total deaths .

Figure 5 Proportion of accidents of different types of economy from 2006 to 2010

Figure 6 Proportion of deaths in accidents of different types of economy, 2006-2010

3 based on statistical analysis of accident categories of hazardous chemicals

According to 2007 Chinese Chemical Safety Association announced - the information related accidents in 2010, according to dangerous chemicals category of accident statistics, has the following characteristics:

(1) In terms of the number of flammable liquids, the most accidents occurred, accounting for 36 % of the total number of accidents , followed by gas accidents, corrosive accidents, and explosive accidents, accounting for 20 % and 12 % of the total number of accidents. , 11 % , these 4 types of accidents accounted for 79 % of the total number of accidents .

(2) In terms of accident deaths, the most explosive accidents, accounting for 35% of the total number of deaths in accidents, followed by gas accidents and incidents flammable liquids, respectively, of the total number of deaths in accidents by 25% and 19%, these three categories The number of deaths in the accident accounted for 79 % of the total death toll and accounted for the majority of the total deaths in the accident. The average number of accidents per explosive is 2 . Five people died and the number of deaths from a single accident was the highest.

(3) In terms of the number of accidental injuries or poisoning, the poisoning rate of hazardous chemical accident personnel is high, and the average number of accidents per toxic substance is 4 . Nine people were injured or poisoned, and each caused an average of 4 gas accidents . Three people were injured or poisoned, and each explosive accident resulted in an average of 2 . Nine were injured or poisoned, followed by accidents involving oxidizing substances, organic peroxides, and corrosive substances, indicating that accidents caused by toxic accidents, gas accidents, and explosive accidents have a greater impact.

Links and Accident Analysis 4 accident

4 . 1 accident analysis

Statistics ( as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8 ) show that there are the most accidents in production and the death toll is the largest, accounting for 81 % and 83 % of the total number of accidents and total deaths . The total number of deaths and the total number of deaths was 6 % and 7 %. This is a long production process with hazardous chemicals. The production process is complicated. Raw materials, semi-finished products, and vice

Figure 7 The proportion of hazardous chemicals accidents at all stages.

Figure 8 Percentage of deaths from hazardous chemicals at all levels

4 . 2 Cause Analysis

For the cause of the accident, according to the technology and design defects, analysis (FIG. 9, as shown in FIG. L0) 10 kinds of reasons labor discipline mishandling or the like.

Figure 9 Proportion of accidents due to different accidents

Figure 10 Proportion of Deaths Due to Accidents Caused by Accidents

Among various reasons, accidents caused by violations of operating procedures or labor disciplines were the most common, accounting for 35 % of the total number of accidents , resulting in the most serious injuries and deaths, which accounted for 35 % of the total number of deaths in the accident ; followed by equipment and tool accessories. Defective, the number of accidents and deaths accounted for 16 % and 13 % of the total number of accidents ; these two causes of accidents accounted for about half of the total accidents.

4 . 3 accident analysis of transport links

Among the statistics of transport accidents, more than 92 % of accidents occurred in the course of road transport. For road transport accidents, they were divided into traffic accidents, non-traffic accidents and non-travel accidents.

Statistics show ( as shown in Figure 11 ) that accidents caused by traffic accidents accounted for 73 % of all road transport accidents , indicating that traffic accidents are the main cause of dangerous chemical road transport accidents. The reason for this result is that road transport is In addition to the main ways of transportation of hazardous chemicals, it is also related to the rationality of transportation routes, the safety of transportation vehicles, and the safety qualities of vehicle drivers. Reducing traffic accidents is an important way to control the transportation accidents of hazardous chemicals and reasonable selection of transportation routes. The key to reducing traffic accidents is to ensure the safe operation of transport vehicles and improve the safety of drivers. Non-traffic accidents account for 16 % of all road transport accidents. The main causes of accidents include transport vehicles or containers that do not comply with safety regulations and articles. Improper stowage, pilots and escorts taking up posts without a license, etc., should strengthen the supervision and management of the transportation process, strict management of licenses and certificates, employment, operation and other systems.

Figure 11 Types of road transport accidents

The accidents that occurred during the non-driving process accounted for 11 % of all road transport accidents . These accidents mainly occurred during vehicle maintenance, cargo handling, and parking and rest. The causes of the accidents included the maintenance process without considering the danger of the containers ( vehicles ) and cargo handling. Take safety measures, improper parking locations, etc.

4 . 4 Analysis of leakage accidents caused by transport accidents

Statistics and analysis found that 71 % of transportation accidents caused material leakage accidents. Among the material leakage accidents, gas leakage accidents accounted for 45 % and liquid leakage accidents accounted for 50 % . This indicates that transportation accidents can easily lead to the formation of gas and liquid hazardous chemical containers. Damage, resulting in an average of 1 per liquid leakage accident . Two people were injured or died, and each gas leakage incident resulted in an average of 2 . 3 people were injured or killed, about twice the liquid leak accident, indicating that the gas leakage accident more serious harm.

5 Conclusions and Suggestions

5 . 1 Conclusion

(1) Explosion accidents, poisoning and asphyxiation accidents are the main categories of hazardous chemical accidents; Jiangsu, Hubei, Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Zhejiang, Sichuan, and Yunnan are key areas for the supervision of the production of hazardous chemicals; the high-temperature season is The frequent occurrence of dangerous chemical accidents; two types of limited liability companies and private economy are important targets for the safety supervision of hazardous chemicals.

(2) Flammable liquids have the highest number of accidents. The largest number of casualties ( including deaths, injuries, and poisoning ) are caused by gas accidents , and the largest number of accidental deaths is due to explosives. This should be reinforced with regard to flammable liquids, explosives and toxic substances. management.

(3) The most accidents occurred in the production process, resulting in the most serious injuries and deaths. It is the main link in the accident; “three violations” is the primary cause of the accident, followed by the defects of the equipment and equipment accessories; the traffic accident is a risk The main reason for chemical transport accidents should be to strengthen the monitoring of hazardous chemicals transportation processes.

5 . 2 suggestions

(1) Implement the main responsibility for safe production of hazardous chemicals companies and standardize their production and business operations. Rely on advances in science and technology, enhance the level of intrinsic safety of production processes and equipment and facilities. Strict safety training for all employees, implementation of the responsibility system for safe production, active management of “three violations”, and implementation of safety standardization standards.

(2) Carry out a general survey of major dangerous sources of dangerous chemicals, establish a database of major hazard sources and a regulatory network. Strengthen the safety supervision over hazardous chemical accident-prone species, areas with multiple accidents, multiple seasons, multiple economic types of enterprises, and multiple links, and focus on strengthening the safety supervision and monitoring of dangerous chemicals production and transportation processes, and establish the risk prevention of dangerous chemical accidents. Control system.

(3) Scientifically plan the industrial layout of hazardous chemicals, make all types of enterprises involved in the production, storage, operation and disposal of hazardous chemicals relatively centralized, promote the establishment of new hazardous chemical production enterprises in chemical parks, and standardize the supervision and management of safety production in chemical parks.

(4) Improve the emergency rescue plan for accidents involving hazardous chemicals and emergency rescue system, improve the ability of governments and enterprises to handle hazardous chemicals accidents, popularize the knowledge of dangerous chemicals safety, and improve the public's self-protection capabilities.

This article from the "China's production safety science and technology" in July 2011, Volume 7, Number 7, reorganized by the Chinese rescue equipment network.