At present, with the development of intensive pig production, its high-density breeding and feed dry feeding methods have led to an increase in the incidence and mortality of respiratory diseases in pigs. Among the most troublesome are pig gastroenteritis caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection, porcine infectious pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection, and swine plague caused by Pasteurella. How to treat and prevent these diseases has become an important task for veterinary work.
(a) swine gasping disease
Also known as swine asthma, swine endemic pneumonia, swine mycoplasmal pneumonia. It is a chronic respiratory infectious disease caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, which is distributed worldwide. In the infected herd, the mortality rate is not high. However, due to the reduction of feed remuneration and the possibility of secondary infection, the economic losses are great.
Preferred drug: enrofloxacin for intramuscular injection; doxycycline for oral administration (including mixing and drinking).
Available drugs: other fluoroquinolones (difloxacin, mononorfloxacin, ofloxacin), lincomycin, bilobamycin, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, tylosin.
Enrofloxacin
Function characteristics: It is a broad-spectrum bactericidal fluoroquinolone antibacterial drug. The average MIC of enrofloxacin for 800 strains of various bacteria and mycoplasma was 0.008-0.75 μg/ml; the MIC for mycoplasma was <0.01-1.0 μg/ml, with an average of 0.25 μg/ml. The mechanism of action is a gyrase that inhibits one of the bacterial DNA synthetases. Pigs are almost completely absorbed after intramuscular injection. Except for the central nervous system, almost all tissues and organs have higher drug concentrations than plasma. This distribution is beneficial for the treatment of systemic infections and deep tissue infections.
Usage and dosage (intramuscular injection): a single dose of 5 mg / kg, once a day, continuous application for 5-7 days.
Note: Do not use with chloramphenicol, so as not to reduce the efficacy of enrofloxacin. Enrofloxacin has poor palatability and is difficult to apply by mixing and drinking water.
Doxycycline
Alias: deoxytetracycline; doxycycline.
Function characteristics: It is a high-efficiency, broad-spectrum, bacteriostatic tetracycline drug. Its effect is 2-10 times stronger than oxytetracycline. The MIC for mycoplasma is 0.04-1.25 μg/ml. The mechanism of action is to interfere with the synthesis of bacterial proteins. After oral administration, the pigs absorb quickly, have high bioavailability, maintain a long-lasting effective blood concentration, and have strong penetrability to tissues.
Usage and dosage (internal administration): a single dose of 10 mg / kg body weight, once a day; mixed feed: 200 mg / kg feed; drinking water: 100 mg / liter of water. Continuous application for 5-7 days.
Note: Do not use more than one week, so as not to reduce appetite and double infection.
Tylenin
Alias: Taimumycin; Tai Miaoling;
Function characteristics: The antibacterial spectrum is narrow, and it has strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus), Mycoplasma and Burdock. Oral bioavailability is high (>90%) and widely distributed. The concentration of drug in the lung, colon mucosa and colon of the mixture of 220 ppm was 1.99, 1.57, 8.05 μg/ml, and the concentration of the lung, colon mucosa and colon contents was 4.26, respectively. , 1.56, 5.59 μg / ml. Mainly used to control pig gastroenteritis, infectious pleuropneumonia, swine dysentery.
Usage and dosage (internal administration): one dose 20-30 mg/kg body weight, once a day; mixed feed: 100 mg of this product 300 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed; drinking water: 50 mg of this product 150 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride / Lishui. Continuous application for 5-7 days.
Note: This product can not be combined with salinomycin, so as not to enhance the toxicity of the latter (muscle, no food, hind limb movement disorder, and even death).
(2) Contagious pleuropneumonia
It is a respiratory infection caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (H. pneumoniae), which is characterized by pneumonia and pleurisy in clinical and necropsy. The disease is spread all over the world where pigs are developed. In recent years, the domestic epidemic has become increasingly serious.
Preferred drug: enrofloxacin for intramuscular injection; intramuscular or intramuscular administration of amoxicillin; SMZ TMP.
Available drugs: other fluoroquinolones (difloxacin, mononofloxacin, ofloxacin), florfenicol (florfenicol), thiamphenicol, gentamicin, doxycycline , tiamulin, cephalexin, ceftiofur, SMM TMP, SMD TMP.
Amoxicillin
Alias: Cefadroxil penicillin.
Function characteristics: broad spectrum penicillin. The effect on Enterococcus and Salmonella is 2 times stronger than that of ampicillin. The MIC50 of 108 strains of porcine pleuropneumoniae rods was 0.12 μg/ml and the MIC90 was 0.25 μg/ml. This product is more stable in gastric acid. 74%-92% of single stomach animals are absorbed after oral administration. After feeding, it will affect the absorption rate, but it will not affect the absorption. After oral administration of the same dose, the serum concentration of amoxicillin is generally 1.5 to 3 times higher than that of ampicillin.
Usage and dosage (intramuscular injection): a single dose of 5-10 mg / kg, 2 times a day; oral administration: a single dose of 10 mg / kg, 2 times a day. Mixed feeding: 300 mg / kg of feed; drinking water: 150 mg / liter of water. Continuous application for 5 days.
Note: Mixed feeding is best combined with TMP to enhance the effect.
SMZ TMP
Alias: Compound Xinnuoming, Baiyanjing.
Function characteristics: MIC50 is ≤0.03 μg/ml, and MIC90 is 0.12 μg/ml.
Usage and dosage (internal administration): One dose SMZ40 mg TMP 8 mg/kg body weight once a day; mixed feed: SMZ500 mg TMP 100 mg/kg feed. Continuous application for 7 days.
(3) Contagious atrophic rhinitis in pigs
It is a kind of upper respiratory tract infection caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica, type A and toxin-producing type D Pasteurella multocida, which is chronic and progressive. It is characterized by rhinitis, deformation of the bridge of the nose and atrophy and growth retardation of the lower part of the turbinate bone, especially the turbinate. The drug treatment effect is poor, and the preventive medication is of great significance.
Preferred drug: enrofloxacin for intramuscular injection; doxycycline for internal use; SMZ TMP. Usage and dosage are the same as above.
Available drugs: other fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin, difloxacin, mononofloxacin), gentamicin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, SMM or SMD TMP.
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