First, the common characteristics of vegetables need fertilizer 1. Nutrient needs a large amount of vegetables, the biological yield is high, so the amount of fertilizer per hectare is more than food crops, such as the average nitrogen uptake of vegetables is 4.4 times higher than wheat, the amount of phosphorus is high 0.2 Times, the potassium absorption is 1.9 times higher, the calcium absorption is 4.3 times higher, and the magnesium absorption is 0.5 times higher.
The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in stems and leaves of nutrients and vegetables were 6.52 times, 7.08 times and 2.32 times of that of rice and wheat, respectively. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in seeds or edible organs were 2.04 of rice and wheat respectively. Times, 1.49 times and 6.91 times. Therefore, the products harvested from vegetables have more nutrients removed from the soil.
3. There are special needs for certain nutrients (1) vegetables prefer nitrate nitrogen; (2) demand for potassium and calcium is large; (3) vegetables are sensitive to boron and molybdenum.
Second, different vegetables NPK needs and proportions of vegetable types including variety nutrient requirements (kg / 1000 kg products)
NPK ratio N:P2O5:K2O
Cucumber, zucchini, pumpkin, loofah, etc. 4.10 2.30 5.50
1:0.6:1.3
Solanum tomato, eggplant, sweet pepper, etc. 3.18 0.74 4.38
1:0.2:1.5
Cabbage, cabbage, cabbage, rape, etc. 0.8~2.6 0.8~1.2 3.2~3.7
1:0.5:1.7
Green leafy vegetables, spinach, lettuce, celery, etc. 2.55 1.36 3.67
1:0.5:1.4
Beans, kidney beans, beans, edamame, etc. 9.00 2.25 6.83
1:0.3:0.8
III. Characteristics of soil in protected areas 1. Soil nutrient status in protected areas: Investigation of soil nutrient status in 0~20 cm soil layers and corresponding sheds in some greenhouses of Jinan, Tai'an, Jining, Linyi, Rizhao, Heze, Zibo and Weifang Statistics: The average content of organic matter in the shed is 17.0 g/kg, and the average outside the shed is 12.5 g/kg; the average in the alkaline leaching shed is 126.15 mg/kg, the average outside the shed is 60.11 mg/kg; the average in the available phosphate shed is 196.68 mg/kg. The average average was 68.45 mg/kg; the average available potassium shed was 381.41 mg/kg, and the average outside the shed was 180.44 mg/kg. The results of the survey showed that the soil nutrients in the shed were significantly increased compared with those outside the shed, and the order was phosphorus > nitrogen > potassium > organic matter. Due to different planting years and fertilization levels and partial fertilizer application, the soil fertility status of the protected areas varies greatly, and the imbalance between the nutrients needs to be solved by balanced fertilization.
2. Soil salinity and acidity accumulation in the protected area The sample with 0cm-20cm soil layer salt content exceeding 0.3% accounted for 26.09%, 3.78 times outside the greenhouse, the maximum value was 1.2%, and the average value was 0.27%. Salinization phenomenon. Among the salt segregants, the most accumulated soil in the shed is no3- and k+ ions compared with the outside of the shed. Ca2-, mg2-, cl-, and so42- also have some accumulation in the soil in the shed. The soil salt accumulation in the greenhouse is heavier and directly related to the unreasonable fertilization. The results of soil acidity test showed that the pH value of 0-20 cm was 0.46 lower than that of the soil outside the shed, and there was obvious acidification.
IV. Balanced fertilization schemes for major vegetables in protected areas The soil fertility status of protected areas varies greatly. The fertilization habits and fertilization levels vary widely from place to place. When guiding farmers to apply fertilizer, all localities should plant crop types, planting years and yield levels according to soil nutrient test results. , fertilizing habits, etc. to develop a scientific fertilization program. Now we only provide reference opinions on the general situation of cultivated cultivation in the province:
1. Cucumber (1) New shed â— Target production: 7000-8000 kg per 666.7 square meters â— Organic fertilizer (fertilized chicken manure or high-quality ring fertilizer): 4000-6000 kg per 666.7 square meters, all used as base fertilizer.
â— Fertilizer: 45 to 55 kilograms per 666.7 square meters of nitrogen, 40 to 45 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, 55 to 65 kilograms of potassium oxide, and 0.2 to 0.3 kilograms of multiple micro-fertilizers.
Application method:
Base Shi: 20% nitrogen, 30% phosphorus, 30% potassium as base fertilizer, and the remaining top dressing.
Chasing: In the early and late stages of the melon, every time the water is chased once, the fertilizer is chased once every time. Each time the top dressing is 2.6 to 3.1 kg of nitrogen, 2 to 2.3 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 2.8 to 3.3 kg of potassium oxide. The multi-chelating micro-fertilizer was sprayed on the leaf surface of the early flowering stage and the fruit-bearing stage respectively, and the spraying concentration was 0.1%.
3, 3 years or more of the shed â— Target production: 10,000 to 12,000 kg per 666.7 square meters â— Organic fertilizer (fertilized chicken manure or high quality ring fertilizer): 4000 to 5000 kg per 666.7 square meters, all used as base fertilizer.
â— Fertilizer: 55 to 65 kg of nitrogen per 666.7 square meters, 30 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 45 to 55 kg of potassium oxide.
Application method: 20% nitrogen, 20% phosphorus, 30% potassium as base fertilizer, and the remaining top dressing.
Chasing: In the early and late stages of the melon, every time the water is chased once, the fertilizer is chased once every time. Each time the top dressing is 3.1 to 3.7 kg of nitrogen, 1.7 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 2.3 to 2.8 kg of potassium oxide.
(2) Tomato 1, new shed â— Target production: 4000-6000 kg per 666.7 square meters â— Organic fertilizer (fertilized chicken manure or high-quality ring fertilizer): 5000-6000 kg per 666.7 square meters, all used as base fertilizer.
â— Fertilizer: 40 kg per 666.7 square meters of nitrogen, 30 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, 50 kilograms of potassium oxide, 1 to 2 kilograms of zinc fertilizer, and 0.5 kilograms of boron fertilizer.
Application method:
Base fertilizer: 30% of total nitrogen, 50% to 60% of total phosphorus, 60% of total potassium, 1 to 2 kg of zinc sulfate, and 0.5 kg of boric acid or borax. .
Topdressing: 4 kg of nitrogen for every 666.7 square meters in the seedling stage, and 7 kg of nitrogen after flowering. After each harvest, the fruit will be chased once. Each time, the nitrogen is 2.8 kg, the phosphorus pentoxide is 2 to 2.5 kg, and the potassium oxide is 3.33 kg. During the period, it is appropriate to properly apply the decomposed organic fertilizer. Continuous spraying of 2 to 3 times of calcium fertilizer, generally spraying calcium nitrate or chelated calcium fertilizer, spraying concentration of 0.1%.
In the late stage of fruit growth, foliar spray fertilizer can also be used, which is sprayed with 0.3-0.5% urea and 0.5-1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
2, 3 years or more of the shed â— Target production: 6000 to 8000 kg per 666.7 square meters.
â— Organic fertilizer (fertilized chicken manure or high-quality ring fertilizer): 4000 to 5000 kg per 666.7 square meters, all used as base fertilizer.
â— Fertilizer: 35 to 45 kg per 666.7 square meters, 22 to 28 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, and 35 to 45 kilograms of potassium oxide.
Application method:
30% nitrogen, 30% phosphorus, 20% potassium as base fertilizer. The remaining fertilizer is applied, each time nitrogen is 4.1 to 5.3 kg, phosphorus pentoxide is 2.6 to 3.3 kg, and potassium oxide is 4.7 to 6.0 kg.
(3) Sweet pepper 1, new shed â— Target production: 3,500 to 4,500 kilograms per 666.7 square meters â— Organic fertilizer (fertilized chicken manure or high quality ring fertilizer): 4000 to 5000 kilograms per 666.7 square meters, all used as base fertilizer.
â— Fertilizer: 40 to 45 kg per 666.7 square meters, 30 to 35 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, and 40 to 45 kilograms of potassium oxide.
Application method:
30% nitrogen, 40% phosphorus, 40% potassium as base fertilizer. The remaining crops are topdressed. In the result period, each time the water is poured, the fertilizer is used. The amount of nitrogen is 3.5 to 3.9 kg per time, the phosphorus pentoxide is 2.3 to 2.6 kg, and the potassium oxide is 3.0 to 3.4 kg.
2, 3 years or more of the shed â— Target production: 4000 to 5000 kg per 666.7 square meters.
â— Organic fertilizer (fertilized chicken manure or high-quality ring fertilizer): 4000 to 5000 kg per 666.7 square meters, all used as base fertilizer.
â— Fertilizer: 45 to 55 kg per 666.7 square meters, 25 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 40 to 45 kg of potassium oxide.
Application method:
30% nitrogen, 30% phosphorus, 20% potassium as base fertilizer. The remaining fertilizer is applied once per water, each time 3.9 to 4.8 kg of nitrogen, 2.2 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 4.0 to 4.5 kg of potassium oxide.
The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in stems and leaves of nutrients and vegetables were 6.52 times, 7.08 times and 2.32 times of that of rice and wheat, respectively. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in seeds or edible organs were 2.04 of rice and wheat respectively. Times, 1.49 times and 6.91 times. Therefore, the products harvested from vegetables have more nutrients removed from the soil.
3. There are special needs for certain nutrients (1) vegetables prefer nitrate nitrogen; (2) demand for potassium and calcium is large; (3) vegetables are sensitive to boron and molybdenum.
Second, different vegetables NPK needs and proportions of vegetable types including variety nutrient requirements (kg / 1000 kg products)
NPK ratio N:P2O5:K2O
Cucumber, zucchini, pumpkin, loofah, etc. 4.10 2.30 5.50
1:0.6:1.3
Solanum tomato, eggplant, sweet pepper, etc. 3.18 0.74 4.38
1:0.2:1.5
Cabbage, cabbage, cabbage, rape, etc. 0.8~2.6 0.8~1.2 3.2~3.7
1:0.5:1.7
Green leafy vegetables, spinach, lettuce, celery, etc. 2.55 1.36 3.67
1:0.5:1.4
Beans, kidney beans, beans, edamame, etc. 9.00 2.25 6.83
1:0.3:0.8
III. Characteristics of soil in protected areas 1. Soil nutrient status in protected areas: Investigation of soil nutrient status in 0~20 cm soil layers and corresponding sheds in some greenhouses of Jinan, Tai'an, Jining, Linyi, Rizhao, Heze, Zibo and Weifang Statistics: The average content of organic matter in the shed is 17.0 g/kg, and the average outside the shed is 12.5 g/kg; the average in the alkaline leaching shed is 126.15 mg/kg, the average outside the shed is 60.11 mg/kg; the average in the available phosphate shed is 196.68 mg/kg. The average average was 68.45 mg/kg; the average available potassium shed was 381.41 mg/kg, and the average outside the shed was 180.44 mg/kg. The results of the survey showed that the soil nutrients in the shed were significantly increased compared with those outside the shed, and the order was phosphorus > nitrogen > potassium > organic matter. Due to different planting years and fertilization levels and partial fertilizer application, the soil fertility status of the protected areas varies greatly, and the imbalance between the nutrients needs to be solved by balanced fertilization.
2. Soil salinity and acidity accumulation in the protected area The sample with 0cm-20cm soil layer salt content exceeding 0.3% accounted for 26.09%, 3.78 times outside the greenhouse, the maximum value was 1.2%, and the average value was 0.27%. Salinization phenomenon. Among the salt segregants, the most accumulated soil in the shed is no3- and k+ ions compared with the outside of the shed. Ca2-, mg2-, cl-, and so42- also have some accumulation in the soil in the shed. The soil salt accumulation in the greenhouse is heavier and directly related to the unreasonable fertilization. The results of soil acidity test showed that the pH value of 0-20 cm was 0.46 lower than that of the soil outside the shed, and there was obvious acidification.
IV. Balanced fertilization schemes for major vegetables in protected areas The soil fertility status of protected areas varies greatly. The fertilization habits and fertilization levels vary widely from place to place. When guiding farmers to apply fertilizer, all localities should plant crop types, planting years and yield levels according to soil nutrient test results. , fertilizing habits, etc. to develop a scientific fertilization program. Now we only provide reference opinions on the general situation of cultivated cultivation in the province:
1. Cucumber (1) New shed â— Target production: 7000-8000 kg per 666.7 square meters â— Organic fertilizer (fertilized chicken manure or high-quality ring fertilizer): 4000-6000 kg per 666.7 square meters, all used as base fertilizer.
â— Fertilizer: 45 to 55 kilograms per 666.7 square meters of nitrogen, 40 to 45 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, 55 to 65 kilograms of potassium oxide, and 0.2 to 0.3 kilograms of multiple micro-fertilizers.
Application method:
Base Shi: 20% nitrogen, 30% phosphorus, 30% potassium as base fertilizer, and the remaining top dressing.
Chasing: In the early and late stages of the melon, every time the water is chased once, the fertilizer is chased once every time. Each time the top dressing is 2.6 to 3.1 kg of nitrogen, 2 to 2.3 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 2.8 to 3.3 kg of potassium oxide. The multi-chelating micro-fertilizer was sprayed on the leaf surface of the early flowering stage and the fruit-bearing stage respectively, and the spraying concentration was 0.1%.
3, 3 years or more of the shed â— Target production: 10,000 to 12,000 kg per 666.7 square meters â— Organic fertilizer (fertilized chicken manure or high quality ring fertilizer): 4000 to 5000 kg per 666.7 square meters, all used as base fertilizer.
â— Fertilizer: 55 to 65 kg of nitrogen per 666.7 square meters, 30 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 45 to 55 kg of potassium oxide.
Application method: 20% nitrogen, 20% phosphorus, 30% potassium as base fertilizer, and the remaining top dressing.
Chasing: In the early and late stages of the melon, every time the water is chased once, the fertilizer is chased once every time. Each time the top dressing is 3.1 to 3.7 kg of nitrogen, 1.7 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 2.3 to 2.8 kg of potassium oxide.
(2) Tomato 1, new shed â— Target production: 4000-6000 kg per 666.7 square meters â— Organic fertilizer (fertilized chicken manure or high-quality ring fertilizer): 5000-6000 kg per 666.7 square meters, all used as base fertilizer.
â— Fertilizer: 40 kg per 666.7 square meters of nitrogen, 30 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, 50 kilograms of potassium oxide, 1 to 2 kilograms of zinc fertilizer, and 0.5 kilograms of boron fertilizer.
Application method:
Base fertilizer: 30% of total nitrogen, 50% to 60% of total phosphorus, 60% of total potassium, 1 to 2 kg of zinc sulfate, and 0.5 kg of boric acid or borax. .
Topdressing: 4 kg of nitrogen for every 666.7 square meters in the seedling stage, and 7 kg of nitrogen after flowering. After each harvest, the fruit will be chased once. Each time, the nitrogen is 2.8 kg, the phosphorus pentoxide is 2 to 2.5 kg, and the potassium oxide is 3.33 kg. During the period, it is appropriate to properly apply the decomposed organic fertilizer. Continuous spraying of 2 to 3 times of calcium fertilizer, generally spraying calcium nitrate or chelated calcium fertilizer, spraying concentration of 0.1%.
In the late stage of fruit growth, foliar spray fertilizer can also be used, which is sprayed with 0.3-0.5% urea and 0.5-1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
2, 3 years or more of the shed â— Target production: 6000 to 8000 kg per 666.7 square meters.
â— Organic fertilizer (fertilized chicken manure or high-quality ring fertilizer): 4000 to 5000 kg per 666.7 square meters, all used as base fertilizer.
â— Fertilizer: 35 to 45 kg per 666.7 square meters, 22 to 28 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, and 35 to 45 kilograms of potassium oxide.
Application method:
30% nitrogen, 30% phosphorus, 20% potassium as base fertilizer. The remaining fertilizer is applied, each time nitrogen is 4.1 to 5.3 kg, phosphorus pentoxide is 2.6 to 3.3 kg, and potassium oxide is 4.7 to 6.0 kg.
(3) Sweet pepper 1, new shed â— Target production: 3,500 to 4,500 kilograms per 666.7 square meters â— Organic fertilizer (fertilized chicken manure or high quality ring fertilizer): 4000 to 5000 kilograms per 666.7 square meters, all used as base fertilizer.
â— Fertilizer: 40 to 45 kg per 666.7 square meters, 30 to 35 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, and 40 to 45 kilograms of potassium oxide.
Application method:
30% nitrogen, 40% phosphorus, 40% potassium as base fertilizer. The remaining crops are topdressed. In the result period, each time the water is poured, the fertilizer is used. The amount of nitrogen is 3.5 to 3.9 kg per time, the phosphorus pentoxide is 2.3 to 2.6 kg, and the potassium oxide is 3.0 to 3.4 kg.
2, 3 years or more of the shed â— Target production: 4000 to 5000 kg per 666.7 square meters.
â— Organic fertilizer (fertilized chicken manure or high-quality ring fertilizer): 4000 to 5000 kg per 666.7 square meters, all used as base fertilizer.
â— Fertilizer: 45 to 55 kg per 666.7 square meters, 25 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 40 to 45 kg of potassium oxide.
Application method:
30% nitrogen, 30% phosphorus, 20% potassium as base fertilizer. The remaining fertilizer is applied once per water, each time 3.9 to 4.8 kg of nitrogen, 2.2 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 4.0 to 4.5 kg of potassium oxide.
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